卵囊

The decreased rates of coccidium eggs in Group 3（ injecting 2 ml slow-released Chinese herbal medicine per rabbit） was slightly higher than that in Group 5（the diet containing 0.0125% Clopidol or 0.003% Diclazuril） and Group 6 （the diet containing 1% Chinese herb powder）.

注射缓释中草药防治兔球虫病的试验结果表明，兔粪便中球虫卵囊的减卵率随中草药缓释剂注射剂量的增加而增加，注射中草药缓释剂2.0ml／只的第3组平均减卵率超过了口服药物的第5组（饲料中含0.0125％氯羟吡啶或地克珠利0.003％）和第6组（饲料中含1％中草药散剂），而不用抗球虫药的第4组球虫卵囊比试验前增加了（232.8 72.3）％。

The results showed that 1 there were no significant differences in the rates of cytoplast protrusion and enucleation between oocytes that were incubated in colchicine (0.4 μg/mL) for 0.5 h and oocytes that were incubated in colchicine (0.4 μg/mL) for 1 h, and the rate of cytoplast protusion can be 85.4% while the rate of cytoplast enucleation is 100%. 2 There was no significant difference in oocyte enucleation between oocytes treated with medium containing 0.2 μg/mL colchicine for 0.5 h and oocytes treated with medium containing 0.4 μg/mL colchicine for 0.5 h. 3 A maturation time of 18–23 h did not affect the rates of cytoplast protusion and enucleation by chemically assisted enucleation, whereas the rate of enucleation of oocytes by blind enucleation was found to decrease with a prolonged incubation time. 4 The development rates of reconstructed embryos could not be influenced by these two enucleation methods, increased from oocytes matured for 21–23 h.

结果表明： 1 卵母细胞在0.4 mg/mL的秋水仙素溶液中分别孵育0.5 h和1 h，胞质突起率和去核率没有显著的差异，突起率可高达85.4%，去核率达到100%； 2 0.2 mg/mL或0.4 mg/mL秋水仙素溶液将卵母细胞处理0.5 h，对去核效果没有显著影响； 3 对于体外成熟18~23 h的卵母细胞，随着成熟时间的延长，盲吸法的去核率降低，但没有影响秋水仙素诱导胞质突起的比率和去核率； 4 两种去核方法对重构胚的发育没有产生显著影响，但成熟21~23 h卵母细胞重构胚囊胚的发育率显著高于成熟18~20 h卵母细胞重构胚囊胚的发育率。

The results of three eggapparatus and two egg apparatus cause the fact that the frequency of twin is higherthan that of triple embryos.

三卵卵器结构胚囊"和"二卵卵器结构胚囊"的受精情况造成了APⅣ的2胚频率远高于3胚的。"

Material and MethodsRA Rabbit Model group: 15 early RA rabbits of the same weight and variety Control group:10 normal rabbits of the same weight and varietyMethods of making RA rabbit model:elect 15 normal rabbits of the same weight and variety, dissolve Ovalbumin in 0.9% sodium chloride solution, to make the solution of 20mg/ml concengtration, blend the same quantity of complete Freund′s Adjuvant equably ,inject the mixed solution into endermic tissue of the rabbit′s scapular section, making the rabbits allergic, inject 1 ml of the mixed solution to one rabbit every time, inject 1 ml of the mixed solution in 5 different places of the rabbit′s scapular section, inject the rabbit one time every week,inject 3 weeks continuously,it turned out to be that the rabbits will be allergic, inject Ovalbumin blent with the 0.9% sodium chloride solution into the knee joint cavity of the rabbits in the fourth week, 5 mg Ovalbumin every knee joint cavity,two knees of every rabbit of the 15 rabbits are both injected,the arthrosis diameter and the exterior temperature of the knees will be added obviously in 24 hours,and they will drop gradually,at the time of the 14th or 21th day, the arthrosis diameter and the exterior temperature of the knees will get to the balance time,the incidence rate of RA is 100%.after the RA model succeeds,it is the early time of RA from the first week to the fourth week,after the fourth week,it is the late time of RA, the cartilage of the femoral condyle and the subchondral bone cortices will be changed unrecoverily.

资料与方法RA模型组：早期RA家兔模型15只，品种及体重接近。对照组：正常家兔10只，品种及体重接近。RA家兔模型制作方法：选取15只成年家兔，体重、品种接近，将卵蛋白溶解于生理盐水，配成浓度为20mg/ml的溶液，与等量完全弗氏佐剂混匀，注入家兔肩胛区皮下致敏，每只家兔每次注射1ml，于肩胛区5个不同区域注射，每周一次，连续注射3周而致敏，第4周向膝关节腔注射卵蛋白生理盐水溶液，每只关节腔注射5mg卵蛋白，15只家兔膝关节全部注射，24h内此关节直径和表面温度大幅度上升，以后缓慢下降，至14～21d达到平台期，发病率达100%。造模成功后第1～4周为早期改变，第4周以后出现不可逆的关节软骨及骨破坏。采用高频超声对RA模型组与对照组的膝关节髌上囊液体厚度、滑膜及股骨髁软骨厚度及软骨下骨皮质的回声情况进行对比观察。结果RA组模型组膝关节髌上囊积液及滑膜的厚度明显厚于对照组，其股骨髁软骨的厚度与对照组相比无明显差异，其软骨下骨皮质与对照组相比无明显改变。

Under light microscope, the egg is an oblated and agglutinated demersal with a narrow perivitelline space; eggs ranged in diameter from 1.95 to 2.38 mm with a mean of 2.18 ± 0.03 mm; their membrane are smooth and they have 5 to 7 cannular keratose egg-filaments; the oil globules are multiple, ranged in diameter from 0.05 to 0.50 mm and in number from 7 to 145 with a mean of 28±2, the position of them migrate during embryonic development; the yolks are ivory-white with no segments, ranged in diameter from 1.00 to 2.30 mm with a mean of 1.90 ± 0.03 mm; the development phases of the embryo are variable. So they were identified as the eggs of one Beloniformes.

在光学显微镜下：卵呈微扁圆形，卵径1.95~2.38mm，粘着沉性；卵黄间隙较窄，卵黄囊呈乳白色，无龟裂；卵膜平滑，在其表面有5~7根细长角质管状卵膜丝；多油球数不定（4~145），油球径0.05~0.50mm，油球在卵黄囊中的位置随不同的发育时期而不断发生变化；胚体处在不同的发育阶段，其特征符合颌针鱼目鱼卵的特征。

Different strains have different reaction to the delay of oviducts in body after animal death. After 10min delay C57BL/6 mouse oocytes have death rate of 56.5%,significantely higher than Kunming mouse (47.6%);Spontaneous activation rates were respectively 13.3% and 46.0%, C57BL/6 were obviously lower than Kunming mouse.4. The oviducts were obtained after being delayed 5min 24h after the mice were injected with hCG. The oocytes were cultured in CZB. About 81.1% occurred spontaneous activation, evidently lower than parthenogenetic rate (96.4%) with SrCl_2. Spontaneous activable oocytes had high cleavage rate(93.2%) and 4-cell rate(87.3%). However, spontaneous activable oocytes had blastula development rate(18.7%) as low as parthenogenetic oocytes by SrCl_2(22.9%).

不同品系小鼠卵母细胞对输卵管在体内滞留产生的反应不同，滞留10min C57BL/6系小鼠卵母细胞死亡率为56.5%，显著高于昆明鼠(47.6%)；自发激活率分别为13.3%和46.0%，C57BL/6系小鼠显著低于昆明鼠。4.hCG后24h体内滞留5min卵母细胞在CZB中培养自发激活率为81.1%，显著低于SrCl_2孤雌激活率(96.4%)；自发激活的卵母细胞有较高的卵裂率(93.2%)和4-cell比率(87.3%)，但囊胚率(18.7%)较低，同卵龄的卵母细胞经SrCl_2孤雌激活囊胚发育率为22.9%，差异不显著。

The cleavation rates and blastocyst development rates of cloned embryos were used to assess the efficiency of different operational procedure. Finally, the best combination of operational procedure, that the spindle-viewer system was used for oocytes enucleating, and donor cell was electrofused into ooplasm by electrical pulse (1.9 kV/cm, 10 ms, two) to reconstruct bovine cloned embryos.

以核移植胚胎的卵裂率、囊胚发育率作为检测指标，对不同的方法所获得的克隆胚胎的卵分裂率与囊胚发育率进行比较，最后筛选获得1个优化的牛体细胞核移植操作程序，即采用Spindle view系统对牛卵母细胞进行去核操作，将供核体细胞注射到卵周隙，然后通过电融合法将供体核引入去核卵细胞质(电融合参数为1.9 kV/cm，脉冲时程10 ms，方波2次间隔2 s)。

Even though the older oocytes were easier to activate and developoed more rapidly to the pronuclear stage than younger ones after artificial stimulation, the percentage of blastocyst development was lower than that in younger oocytes.

大龄卵比小龄卵易于激活而且形成原核的速度比小龄卵快，但卵激活后发育至囊胚的比例较小龄卵低。

Following chemical activation, blastocysts rate of the treated oocytes was similar to untreated oocytes.8 Following fertilization, however, few oocytes inhibited with CHX developed into morulae/blastocysts, due to a high incidence of polyspermy.9 Cortical granule migration occurred during inhibition, but CHX inhibition impaired CG migration, significantly no oocytes inhibited by CHX completed CG migration after maturation.10 CHX inhibition had no effects onα-microtubles and microfilaments of goat oocytes.

抑制24h转为正常培养24h，不影响卵母细胞的成熟和孤雌激活能力，并且CHX抑制后再成熟的卵母细胞经孤雌激活发育到囊胚的比例与对照组卵母细胞相似。8、体外受精后，CHX抑制后再成熟卵母细胞的多精受精现象显著增加，发育到桑椹胚/囊胚的比例显著低于对照组。9、CHX抑制过程中皮质颗粒仍能发生迁移，但是CHX抑制会对皮质颗粒的迁移造成不可恢复的损伤，使再成熟的卵母细胞内皮质颗粒不能完全迁移。10、CHX抑制对山羊卵母细胞α-微管和微丝都没有影响，无论是抑制后处于生发泡期的卵母细胞，还是抑制后再成熟的卵母细胞，微管和微丝的分布都与对照卵母细胞相似。

In the present study, we collected cumulus cells oocyte complex from ovaries of two different strain mice. The cumulusenclosed oocytes were cultured for 6 h in MEM supplemented with growth factor and FSH. The meiotic maturation of these oocytes has progressed to pro-metaphse Ⅰ stage and the condensed chromosomes are visible under DIC microscope, metaphase Ⅰ spindle even can be detected under Polscope. The metaphase Ⅰ spindles of oocytes were exchanged under such microscopes. After electric stimuli, 91. 6% and 91. 6% karyoplasts-cytoplasm pairs were fused respectively. The resulting oocytes were cultured further in MEM and over 80% of oocytes released the first polar body. 79% and 77% of oocytes formed two pronuclei after in vitro fertilization and the embryos were cultured in KSOM supplemented with amino acids. Over 60% of embryos developed to blastocyst stage.

在本研究中我们在取得两种不同品系小鼠的卵丘卵母细胞复合体后，先将卵丘卵母细胞复合体置于含有多种生长因子和激素的MEM培养液中培养6小时，此时卵母细胞已进入第一次减数分裂的前中期，并且在DIC倒置显微镜下可以看到浓缩的染色体，用Polscope可以发现明显的纺锤体，借助这种显微镜通过显微操作将两种不同品系小鼠来源的卵母细胞的MI纺锤体进行互换，经过三次直流电脉冲作用后，分别有91.6％的胞质—MI核质体对融合，经过进一步的培养后，超过80％的重组卵母细胞排出第一极体，体外受精后分别有79％和77％的重组卵形成双原核，受精后的胚胎在KSOM胚胎培养液中体外培养4天后，超过60％的胚胎发育至囊胚。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。