卤素

This dissertation is involved in systematical study of the effects and mechanism of microwave by some factors of heat resources, fluorinating agents, solvents, catalysts, by-products and kinetics, etc.

从加热源、氟化剂、溶剂、催化剂、副产物及宏观动力学等方面系统研究了微波对卤素交换氟化反应的影响及其机理。

The application results from fluorination showed microwave heating could accelerate chemical reactions markedly. The reaction time could be shortened 50% at least than that of conventional heating. The relationship between fluorinating agents\' structure and their activity was studied systematically. In addition, an anhydrous KF with higher activity was prepared by using expansion effect of microwave heating. As we known, solvents were very important to reaction. The comprehensive study showed some less polar aromatic solvents could be used as dipolar solvents. In addition, they had better effect than dipolar solvents in some occasions, such as fluorination of chlorobenzaldehydes and chlorinated diphenyl ketones etc. The primary applications of ionic liquids were also studied which indicated reactions with ionic liquids as solvents were more efficient and simple.

研究表明，微波是一种节能高效的加热方式，在微波作用下的卤素交换氟化反应具有反应速度快、转化率高、选择性好的优点，其反应时间可较常规加热缩短50%以上；同时也系统地研究了氟化剂种类及制备方式对其反应活性的影响，并利用微波加热的膨化作用制备出了一种活性较高的KF，其活性与喷雾干燥KF相差不大；溶剂对反应具有重要的作用，在此系统地研究了强极性非质子溶剂和中等极性非质子溶剂的应用情况，发现一些中等极性的非质子溶剂如硝基芳烃和氯代芳烃类溶剂在氯代苯甲醛类化合物的氟化反应中具有比强极性非质子溶剂更好的使用效果。

The exterior gets some blingy garnishes – halogen bulbs up front and LED tails out back – which reduce power consumption by up to 88 percent over previous versions.

外观得到一些blingy菜-卤素灯泡前锋和LED尾巴了回来-这降低能耗达88比以前的版本。

L Output products include water, CO2 and halogen acids (in the case of halogenated waste treatment).

l 经处理产生的物质包括：水， CO2或卤素酸，它们再进入净化系统进行处理和冷却。

As a high effective halogenated flame retardants, decabromodiphenyl ether plays an important role in flame-retarded cable.

十溴联苯醚是一个阻燃效率高、在电缆中应用广泛的卤素阻燃剂。

Conventional and halogen headlamps are interchangeablIt is recommended that they not be intermixed on a given vehicle.

传统卤素头灯可以互相交换使用。建议不要在同一车辆上混用。

Oxygen and halide anions (Cl〓, Br〓 and I〓) can greatly catalyze the oxidation of ascorbic acid, which produces active oxygen (H〓O〓 and oxygen free radical) and sensitizes the CL emission of luminol.

氧气和卤素离子能催化铜氧化抗坏血酸的反应，铜离子氧化抗坏血酸产生活性氧，而活性氧可以增敏luminol的化学发光。

A high-resolution video camera, along with an infrared camera for navigation, was placed in the front of the craft along with three light-emitting-diode arrays for fill lighting and two quartz halogen lamps for spotlighting.

一台高解析度摄影机放置在小船的前方，另外还有一台导航用红外线摄影机、三排发光二极体负责提供充足的照明，以及两个石英卤素灯用于聚光。

This result was close to that obtainedin the reaction systems containing both acid and halide additives under the samecondition.

在283 K反应4小时之后，乙醇溶剂中H_2O_2的浓度可以达到1.1％，该结果与目前报道的相同反应条件下液相共存酸和卤素助剂的催化剂体系的H_2O_2生成能力相接近。直接合成H_2O_2反应中得到的H_2O_2浓度相接近。

This dissertation also studied the direct synthesis of H_2O_2 from H_2 and O_2 undernormal pressure over polyoxometalates-supported Pd catalysts in the absence of anyliquid acid or halide additives in the liquid phase.

本学位论文中还针对常压下从氢气和氧气直接合成过氧化氢反应考察了在液相不共存任何酸和卤素助剂的情况下，磷钨杂多酸铯盐负载的金属Pd为催化剂的催化性能。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。