卤烃

The application results from fluorination showed microwave heating could accelerate chemical reactions markedly. The reaction time could be shortened 50% at least than that of conventional heating. The relationship between fluorinating agents\' structure and their activity was studied systematically. In addition, an anhydrous KF with higher activity was prepared by using expansion effect of microwave heating. As we known, solvents were very important to reaction. The comprehensive study showed some less polar aromatic solvents could be used as dipolar solvents. In addition, they had better effect than dipolar solvents in some occasions, such as fluorination of chlorobenzaldehydes and chlorinated diphenyl ketones etc. The primary applications of ionic liquids were also studied which indicated reactions with ionic liquids as solvents were more efficient and simple.

研究表明，微波是一种节能高效的加热方式，在微波作用下的卤素交换氟化反应具有反应速度快、转化率高、选择性好的优点，其反应时间可较常规加热缩短50%以上；同时也系统地研究了氟化剂种类及制备方式对其反应活性的影响，并利用微波加热的膨化作用制备出了一种活性较高的KF，其活性与喷雾干燥KF相差不大；溶剂对反应具有重要的作用，在此系统地研究了强极性非质子溶剂和中等极性非质子溶剂的应用情况，发现一些中等极性的非质子溶剂如硝基芳烃和氯代芳烃类溶剂在氯代苯甲醛类化合物的氟化反应中具有比强极性非质子溶剂更好的使用效果。

These substituents are either small groups such as phenoxy groups,aryls,cyclic secondary amines,cyano groups,and halogens or large functional moieties such as PDI,Phthalocyanines, porphyrins,BODIPY,cyclodextrin,Fullerene,calixarene,and so on.

这在过去的工作中，人们把一些小分子的，如酚氧基、仲胺基、苯基、氰基以及卤素氟、氯、引入到PDI中，同时也把一些较大功能团，如PDI本身、卟啉、酞菁、环糊精、BODIPY、杯芳烃、富勒烯等和PDI连接在一起。

Under alkaline catalyst , active methylene compounds were changed into carbanions, the carbanions make nucleophilic reagent to take place many chemical reaction.

它在碱的作用下，生成碳负离子，碳负离子作为亲核试剂，可以发生一系列化学反应，最典型的例子是与卤代烃发生亲核取代反应。

These novel reagents were treated with base to produce polystyrene-supported a-seleno carbanions, which reacted with alkyl halides, followed by stereospecific selenoxide syn-elimination to give 2i-vinylphosphonates and is-vinylsulfones respectively.

它们在碱的作用下形成α—硒基碳负离子，然后与卤代烃发生烷基化反应，烷基化后的树脂可以通过温和条件下的氧化消除以良好产率和较高纯度分别合成了烯基磷酸酯和烯基砜。

The apparent solubility of PAH and aromatic halides in cyclodextrin solution increased linearly with the increasing of cyclodextrin concentration.

PAH和卤代芳烃在环糊精溶液中的表观溶解度随环糊精的浓度线性增加。

The rate constants and yields of aromatic halides containing substitute s with different electrophilicities were investigated.

三氟乙酸钠在以CuI为催化剂的条件下与卤代芳烃进行取代反应，生成相应的三氟甲基化合物。

In addition, the carbonylation reaction of alkyl halides catalyzed by cobalt complex has been explored.

本文对卤代芳烃的Heck偶联反应分别在均相和非均相催化体系中进行了研究和比较，并将使用效果较好的负载型钯催化剂和一些非钯金属催化剂应用于Suzuki偶联反应中。

It can also be seen as a mixed anhydride, its structure can be used RCOX (R on behalf of alkyl, X on behalf of halogens) said.

它也可看作是一种混合酸酐，其结构可用RCOX（R代表烃基，X代表卤素）表示。

Preparation of unsymmetrical selenides via the reaction of arylselenol with alkyl halides needs at least equal molar cesium hydroxide as the base.

通过卤代烃与硒酚反应合成了不对称硒醚，至少要使用等摩尔的氢氧化铯作碱，与氢氧化钾相比，氯化铯价格昂贵。

Firstly, Vinyl ethers were prepared in a one-pot, two-step transformation by O-alkylation reaction of 2-hydroxyalkyl phenyl selenides with primary or secondary organic halides followed by oxidation-elimination with 30 % hydrogen peroxide.

1.2-羟基烷基苯基硒醚和伯、仲卤代烃通过O-烷基化反应，然后用30％的双氧水进行氧化消除反应，提供了&两步、一锅法&合成烯基醚的新方法，该方法反应条件温和，操作简便，产物收率中等到良好(70-85％)。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。