卤烃

Besides these methods of introducing different halogen atom to aliphatic hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon were also reviewed.

根据目标分子结构的特点，可以分为两种情况：一是直接在脂肪醇中引入不同的卤素原子；二是在含有多官能团的芳香烃中引入卤素原子。

On the basis of the molecular branching index of Randic,by adding Pauling molecular electronegative,a new molecular topological index was proposed and used to correlate between the chemical structures of haloalkane s and their boiling point at normal pressure.

在Rand ic提出的分子支化度指数的基础上，引进了卤原子的电负性，提出了一种新的拓扑指数，并对饱和卤代烃在常压下的沸点与化学结构之间的关系进行研究，建立了回归方程，相关系数达到0.995，预测值与实验值基本吻合

A process for preparing the olefine sulfide includes addition reaction between sulfur monochloride and C3-C12 olefine under existance of low-carbon alcohol as catalyst to obtain addition compound, mixing it with C1-C15 haloalkane, sulfide of alkali metal, sulfur powder, and aqueous solution of emtrol, sulfurizing, dechlorinating, and refining.

一种硫化烯烃的制备方法，包括：(1)使一氯化硫和C 3 ～C 12 烯烃在低碳醇催化剂的存在下进行加合反应，生成加合物；(2)将(1)步的加合物与C 1 ～C 15 卤代烷、碱金属硫化物、硫磺粉、脂肪醇水溶液混合，进行硫化脱氯反应后，精制处理，得到硫化烯烃产品。

Said chemical matter comprises compound containing ammonium and halogen atom absorption, and lower carbon number hydrocarbons containing halogen atom and it's derivant; it can be used separately or together with urea, ammonia gas and natural gas.

这些化学添加物包括含有铵和卤原子的化合物、含有胺及卤原子的化合物以及含有卤原子的低碳烃及其衍生物，可以单独使用或与尿素、氨、天然气等主还原剂混合使用。

The chapter two was focused on the samarium diiodide promoted organic reactions and their applications in organic synthesis, firstly, a new synthesis of highly substituted cyclopentadienes from a,β-alkynone promoted by samarium diiodide was investigated and the highly substituted cyclopentadienes were prepared in moderate to good yields under mild conditions. Secondly, the Michael addition and Michael-aldol tandem reaction of diorganyl diselenides or diorganyl disulfides with α,β-alkynones mediated by samarium diiodide were studied and a series of alkenylsulfides and alkenylselenides were prepared in good yields. Then the highly regioselecfive nucleophilic addition of the allylsamarium bromide to α,β-alkynones were explored. We found that the allylsamarium bromide reacts with α,β-alkynones to afford regiospecificly 1. 2-nucleophilic addition products in good yields under mild condition. At last we studied the coupling reaction of aryl halides promoted by NiCl〓/PPh〓/Sm〓.

第二章 研究了二碘化钐、金属钐促进的有机反应：1、二碘化钐促进下α，β-炔基酮的偶联环化反应，提供了一种制备多取代环戊二烯的新方法；2、二碘化钐促进下的二硫醚、二硒醚与α，β-炔基酮的Michael加成反应，为高产率地制备多取代的烯基硫或烯基硒化合物提供了方便可靠的新方法；3、二碘化钐促进下的二硫醚、二硒醚与α，β-炔基酮和醛、酮的Michael—aldol串联反应，提供了一种一锅法高产率地制备多取代的含硫的烯丙基醇或含硒的烯丙基醇类化合物的方便可靠的原子经济性的新方法；4、烯丙基溴化钐与α，β-炔基酮的高度区域选择性的1，2-亲核加成反应；5、NiCl〓/PPh〓/Sm〓促进的卤代芳烃的偶联反应-一种从各种卤代芳烃制备联苯类化合物的有效方法。

Under normal temp., PVF2 has a fine corrosion resistance to many organic solvents like halogen, halogenated hydrocarbon, strong oxidant, boiling acid and alkali; UHMWPE has a fine corrosion resistance to inoxidable acid (dilute sulfuric acid, nitric acid and large concen-tration hydrochloric acid, phosphorus acid, hydrofluoric acid, formic acid and acetic acid), ammonia, amine and various alkali and salty solutions. Both materials can't resist the corrosion of strong oxidable acid.

在常温下，PVF2对卤素、卤代烃、强氧化剂、沸酸、碱等多种有机溶剂都有良好耐蚀性；UHMWPE对非氧化性酸(稀硫酸、硝酸及浓度较大的盐酸、磷酸、氢氟酸、甲酸、乙酸)、氨和胺及各种碱、盐溶液都有良好的耐蚀性，两种材料都不耐强氧化性酸的腐蚀。

Under normal temp., PVF2 has a fine corrosion resistance to many organic solvents like halogen, halogenated hydrocarbon, strong oxidant, boiling acid and alkali UHMWPE has a fine corrosion resistance to inoxidable acid (dilute sulfuric acid, nitric acid and large concen-tration hydrochloric acid, phosphorus acid, hydrofluoric acid, formic acid and acetic acid), ammonia, amine and various alkali and salty solutions. Both materials cant resist the corrosion of strong oxidable acid.

在常温下，PVF2对卤素、卤代烃、强氧化剂、沸酸、碱等多种有机溶剂都有良好耐蚀性；UHMWPE对非氧化性酸(稀硫酸、硝酸及浓度较大的盐酸、磷酸、氢氟酸、甲酸、乙酸)、氨和胺及各种碱、盐溶液都有良好的耐蚀性，两种材料都不耐强氧化性酸的腐蚀。

Four different ionic liquids, BF4, BF and PF6 were investigated, arid PF6 showed the best effect when used as the reaction media, giving the highest yield in the shortest reaction time. Promoted by KF in PF6, N-aryl or N-alkyl monosubstituted sulfonamides could react with various activated halides and unactivated primary halides smoothly. Reactions were performed at 85℃ for 2~10 hours, and thirteen N-alkylation products were obtained with 70%~97% yields. Moreover, the ionic liquid recovered could be reused for three times with no appreciable decrease in yield and reaction rate.

结果表明，以PF6为反应介质时显示出了最好的效果，反应的时间最短，收率最高。N-芳基或N-烷基单取代的磺酰胺和各类不同结构的活化的卤代烃和未活化的一级卤代烃在PF6中KF作用下，85℃反应2~10h，以70%~97%的优良收率得到了13个N-烷基化产物，而且离子液体回收使用3次后效果未降低。

Also included is the study of characteristics of organic compounds such as alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkyl halides, alkenes alcohols, alkynes and the practical application of these materials to everyday life.

这门荣誉课还包括有机化合物特质的研究，如烷烃、环烷烃、卤代烃，醇烯烃、炔烃和日常生活中实际应用的材料。

Firstly, based on the analysis of viscosity data, combined with other methods, a new method is proposed to calculate the viscosity of saturated vapor of halides. The calculation can be done on condition that the critical temperature, critical pressure, critical specific volume, molecular weight and the eccentric factor are known.

在理论研究上，一方面对于卤代烃的饱和蒸气粘度进行了研究分析，并结合其他理论推算方法的优点，提出了一种推算卤代烃的饱和蒸气粘度的新方法，该方法在已知临界温度、临界压力、临界比容、分子质量、偏心因子的情况下，便可以计算在有效对比温度范围内的饱和蒸气的粘度，本方法的适用范围是对比温度T〓在0.5-0.95之间，其对饱和蒸气粘度推算的平均偏差不超过5％。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。