卢布

Russia's currency on Wednesday came within kopecks of breaching the floor of 41 against a dollar/euro basket the bank set on 22 January.

本周三，俄罗斯卢布距俄罗斯央行1月22日设定的41卢布兑一篮子美元和欧元汇率的下限仅有几戈比之遥。

Additionally the spiral of inflation can weaken the function of rouble as the scale of value, medium of circulation and deposit. Rouble is expelled from circulation; the economy nearly collapses. Consequently, the production contacts seriously; most of resident fall into impoverishment; social contradiction and political situation become badly.

另外，通货膨胀"螺旋"会逐渐削弱卢布作为价值尺度、流通手段和储藏手段的货币功能，卢布被排挤出流通领域已经使经济联系陷于崩溃，结果是生产灾难性地萎缩，绝大部分居民的生活贫困化，社会矛盾以及社会政治局势被极大地激化了。

But bankers say lending – in roubles or dollars – will not recommence in full until the rouble is more stable.

但银行家们表示，在卢布汇率更加稳定之前，信贷——不论是卢布还是美元——不会全面重启。

The exchange rate is a highly sensitive issue in Russia, where memories of the 1998 ruble collapse remain fresh.

卢布汇率在俄罗斯是个高度敏感的问题，1998年卢布暴跌的记忆依然历历在目。

Shrinking revenue, which has been falling in lockstep with the more than 70% drop in oil prices since summer, has put enormous downward pressure on the ruble, which economists consider a commodity currency.

油价自今年夏季以来累计跌幅超过70%，俄罗斯的收入也紧跟着不断减少，这给卢布（经济学家将卢布看作是一种大宗商品货币）带来了巨大的下行压力。

The rupee had firmed up to an average of around 39 rupees to the dollar but now has risen to over 40 rupees.

卢布坚持在平均39卢布对1美元左右，但现在上升到40卢布以上。

"Don't give me ten roubles. I only want five; I shall certainly redeem it."

&我不要十卢布，给我五卢布吧，我是一定要赎回去的。&

"Don't give me ten roubles. I only require five; I shall certainly redeem it."

&我无所不能十卢布，给我五卢布吧，我是确定要赎回去的。&

Well, if you have 1000 dollars in your pocket, does it make any difference if you pay 20 or 40 rubles for milk?

那我来假设一下，如果你口袋里有 1，000 美金，那麼牛奶卖你 20 卢布或是 40 卢布，对你来说有差别吗？

Milk costs 20 rubles and they make you pay 40 - and you'll be screwed with your one thousand dollars.

牛奶本来值 20 卢布却要你付 40 卢布，那麼你就是拿著 1，000美金的白痴。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。