博弈

This was no longer a zero-sum game.

这不再是一场零和博弈。

In the long run, participation in the information age may not be a zero-sum game.

从长远看，信息时代的分享与参与不再是零和博弈）。

To deal with various risks in the production of space,local governments have to cease the monopolization in land requisition and expropriation,and establish the balance of interests between correlative groups and national institutions in the circulation of lands.To deal with risks in the games of new society,local governments must adjust the systems and policies concerned,and avoid just scratching the surface of a problem.To deal with risks in reallocation of social resources and social administration concerned with policy output,many local governments already have material condition to effectively break them,and the key is to improve their administerial skills in policy making and implementation.To deal with risks in vicious competition between city governments in urbanization,which are actually the manifest of malfunction of market mechanism,local governments must put the centralization mechanism into full play,and strengthen the social check and balance mechanism,in order to effectively regulate market mechanism and realize the organic interactions between social units,democracy,and market.

要破解地方政府在空间生产中风险重重的局面，必须改变政府在土地征用征收上的独裁专断格局，完善土地流转中各个相关利益群体间的权利均衡以及国家机构间的权力均衡机制；地方政府在新型社会博弈中的风险，也需要相关制度与政策的调整，不能停留在治标不治本的层次；在社会资源再分配与社会管制等政策输出方面的风险，许多地方政府已经具备了有效化解的物质条件，主观上提高政策制定与执行的行政技能是解决此类问题的关键；我国城市政府在发展地方经济推进地方城镇化中的恶性竞争风险，本质上是市场机制失灵的一种表现，必须通过充分运用集权机制、强化社会制约机制从而有效规制市场机制，实现科层、民主、市场三种机制的良性对接，政府、社会、企业三种力量的有机互动，才能解决。

The main research results in this dissertation can be given as following:Firstly, the bidding strategies and affections of generation companies on the TOU power price are analyzed; Supply function model is employed to simulate the bidding strategies of generation companies in power pool. Some meaningful results are obtained through the proposed equilibrium equations model, when different bidding parameters are selected to maximize profit of suppliers, such as the the numeral of generation company, the block bidding, and power demand elasticity. Based on these results, the affections between the bidding strategies and the TOU power price are discussed.Secondly, the important principles consider the factor of bidding strategies of generation companies and consumers gaming strategies are proposed to constitute the new TOU power price model under present electricity market. Based on these pricinples a new mathematical model of TOU power price is constructed, to evade electricity market risk, partition the peak-valley, ascertain the consumers' response curve, and protect the ambilateral profits.Thirdly, the affections of the TOU power price strategies for reducing the network loss, adjusting node voltage, improving load curve of power system, and protecting the consumers' benefits in electricity market are analyzed with applications of a city real time load data of Jiangsu province.

针对&厂网分开，竞价上网&的电力市场运营模式，本文主要完成了以下研究工作：1研究了发电商不同的竞价上网策略，利用供给函数均衡方法，建立了发电商的竞价上网策略模型，给出了市场均衡解的具体解法；讨论了不同条件下发电商的竞价策略对市场的影响，并获得了发电商的最优上网竞价策略，明确了竞价上网与峰谷分时电价之间的影响因素；利用电力系统负荷曲线，建立了发电商最优竞价策略与峰谷分时电价之间的相互联系，通过仿真算例分析了峰谷分时电价与发电商最优报价之间的相互影响。2提出了&厂网分开，竞价上网&电力市场模式下，考虑发电侧竞价和用户侧博弈等风险因素影响，峰谷分时电价理论建模在规避电网企业运营风险，保护供电方与用户双方的利益、确定用户响应曲线、划分峰谷时段、设置合理的电价拉开比等方面所应遵循的基本原则，在此基础上建立了适合电力市场模式的峰谷分时电价模型。3从原理上分析了需求侧实行峰谷分时电价策略，对削峰填谷，提高负荷率，改善负荷曲线形状，降低电力系统的电能损耗和电压损耗等方面的影响，并进行了仿真验证。

Based on the assets specificity, this paper establishes the evolutionary game model under shareholding cooperative system and takes the degree of assets specificity、the size of appropriable quasi-rents、 cooperative surplus and average rate of return on capital as the major factors for the stability of the capital and the stability of the ownership structure.

本文以资产专用性为立足点，建立起农村信用社股份合作制下自然人股东和法人股东的演化博弈模型。本文认为农村信用社资产专用性的程度、可占用准租的大小、合作剩余、社会平均资本收益是股份合作制模式下农村信用社保持股权结构和资本稳定的主要因素。

Firstly, this paper discussed the principle and agent theory, the corporate governance theory and supervision theory. Second, the paper analyzed special several-levels principle-agent relations of the state-owned enterprise, and used the principle -agent theory and the game theory to analyze several problems caused by this, such as the supervision function avianization about the owner, the enterpriser"s rent-seeking activity, the enterpriser"s conspiracy behavior and the insider control. Thirdly, the paper discussed the present situation of the supervision and restraint system from the management model of the three-levels authorization, financial general supervision system, the corporate governance and the outsider supervision and restraint system. The paper thought that the supervision and restraint system had the following problems: supervision and restraint system was imperfect, the property right restraint was lack, the restraint system was administrative and the supervision system was deformity.

本文首先讨论了经营者监督约束机制的委托代理理论、公司治理理论和监督理论：其次，深入分析了国有企业特殊的多级委托代理关系，并用博弈理论及委托代理理论分析了由此产生的各种问题，如所有者监督职能弱化、国有企业经营者的寻租行为、国企经营者合谋及内部人控制等；再次，本文从三级授权经营模式、财务总监制、公司治理结构及经营者外部监督约束等方面研究了我国经营者监督约束机制的现状，本文认为国有企业经营者的监督与约束存在以下问题：国有股份多级代理与监督约束弱化；国家股东对国企经营者缺乏产权约束，监督约束机制不完善；国有股份高度集中与监督约束的行政化；监督约束机制单一化与监督约束畸形化。

The control advantageous position that capitalist of danger of poineering home aweather changes is the signal that shows its type, this is problem of play chess of rich of trends of a not complete information.

创业家向风险资本家转移的控制权是显示其类型的信号，这是一个不完全信息动态博弈问题。

Based on the field work among the Azande and the analysis of ancient Chinese logic and the logic of Buddhism, this paper attempts to provide factual information for the argument for the "culture-based relativity of logic" in a descriptive way. Taking the deductive method as the classical research method, this paper argues for the existence of the culture-based relativity of logic in modern culture and other cultures. The validity of this argument is based on the findings of ethnographic as well as historical studies. This paper also seeks to prove by studying the interactions between different languages and ways of life that the classical research method was also built on cultural relativity.

对阿赞得人的田野考察报告，以及中国古代逻辑和佛教逻辑的研究成果，从描述的角度为&逻辑相对于文化&这一命题提供事实根据；采用演绎论证作为元方法说明现代文化中的逻辑和其他文化的逻辑在现代文化中的译本具有文化相对性；借助民族志和历史学研究成果说明其他文化的逻辑本身也具有的文化相对性；通过语言博弈和生活形式概念说明作为元方法的演绎论证同样具有文化相对性。

An often defensive and secretive Chinese bureaucracy up against a bewilderingly complex mishmash of competing interests in America will not make for harmony.

长期以来，中国官僚体系敏感而神秘，美国则是复杂的多元利益相互交织博弈，故两国交锋不会带来和谐。

Through the game analysis based on the Audit Cahoot and contracts analysis based on the Knowledge Reciprocal Spillover, this thesis gets the summary that the relationship between non-audit services and audit quality depends on the combination of negative impact to audit independent and positive impact to the professional skills of auditors.

通过基于审计合谋的博弈分析和基于知识溢动效应的契约分析，本文得出非审计服务与审计质量的关系取决于非审计服务对审计独立性的负面影响与其对注册会计师专业技能的正面影响之间的对比关系。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。