博弈

Parrondo's paradox describes that given two games, both of them are losing, when alternated in a periodic or random fashion, can produce a winning result. In this paper, we theoretically analyze the situation that game A and B are played in any alternating order using discrete Markov chain technique when modulo M is equal to four.

Parrondo悖论定律为对于给定的两个博弈，如果每个博弈输的概率都大于赢的概率，那么当这两个博弈随机或周期进行时就可能产生一种获胜的结果。

The game between the central government and local governments can be divided to cooperative game and non cooperative game.

中央政府与地方政府之间的博弈可分为合作博弈和非合作博弈。

They are six basic game graphs, which are classified into the cooperative and the non-cooperative game type.

其基本结论是，对于国际合作可能遇到的6种基本博弈模型来说，它们分属于合作性博弈和非合作性博弈两大类。

Based on the frame of Stackelberg game, a gaming model is developed for such a supply chain system to which the market demand is supposed to be a linear decreasing function of retail price.

对于单一制造商与单一零售商，首先建立起一个市场需求量为零售价格线性减函数的基于Stackelberg博弈框架的可退货供应链博弈模型，并对其进行了合作与非合作博弈的最优决策分析。

Further, as the quantity of consideration influences all investors benefit, therefore non-tradable share reform is also a game that all stakeholders take part in, including non-floating stock holders, floating stock holders, SAC and so on, as a result, non-tradable share reform will benefit from a fair and reasonable ideas of consideration greatly.

由于对价的高低直接关系到流通股股东、非流通股股东、国资委等各方的利益，所以股改又是一场多方利益的博弈，本文运用博弈论的方法分析了现有股改各方利益的博弈中存在的非理性现象，进而提出了一些建立公平博弈外部环境的合理建议。

Try to demonstrate in terms of economy that it is these factors and the game players' pursuit of maximizing their profit determine the structure of the mixed ownership of an enterprise, determine the distribution of the enterprise surplus among the participating parties and the effort level of the participants, and further determine the efficiency of the enterprise.

本论文研究的意义在于：通过企业混合所有权概念的建立，将股东、债权人、管理者、员工及政府都纳入到了企业的博弈分析，在此基础上，构建起混合所有权下企业博弈的理论分析框架及相关的数学模型，给出一个更为一般的企业博弈研究。

. Based on the newly research on the philosophy of language and the incommensurability of paradigm, the article analyses the difference between evolution and game theory in both cognition and methodology enlightened by the Categorical framework of language, and attempts to find if there has been the third language like evolutionary games which can make evolution and game theory communicate effectively.

在新近语言哲学和范式不可通约研究的基础上，本文从语言分类结构的视角对演化与博弈各自的认识论和方法论进行比较，尝试揭示两者的差异，并进而解答是否存在第三种诸如演化博弈的理论语言能够促成演化与博弈的有效交流。

Related knowledge of "zero sum two person games theory" is applied to establish a game model of taxation bureau-business. In this model, the government, as the drawer-up of the game rules, is by all means capable to maximize the benefits of both parties concerned on Nash equilibrium.

运用&二人零和博弈&的相关知识，建立一个税务局－企业的博弈模型，在这个模型中，政府作为博弈规则的制定者，完全有能力通过制定相应的博弈规则，而使双方决策在纳什均衡时自己的利益最大化。

Abstract;;This;article;intends;to;establish;a;proper;taxation;institution,;with;which;the;government;can;control;and;check;business;tax;evasion;in;an;effective;way.;Related;knowledge;of;"zero;sum;two;person;games;theory";is;applied;to;establish;a;game;model;of;taxation;bureau-business.;In;this;model,;the;government,;as;the;drawer-up;of;the;game;rules,;is;by;all;means;capable;to;maximize;the;benefits;of;both;parties;concerned;on;Nash;equilibrium.;With;the;help;of;Mathematica4.1;Software,;an;optimal;policy;of;tax;levy;adopted;by;the;government;is;to;be;found;to;evade;some;negative;impacts;exerted;by;information;asymmetry;and;high-cost;tax;levy,;etc.;On;the;condition;that;business;burden;is;not;worsened,;that;is,;tax;rate;is;not;raised,;this;article;provides;the;optimal;policy;for;government;tax;levy,;so;as;to;increase;tax-levy;efficiency;of;the;government;and;tax;revenue.

运用&二人零和博弈理论&的相关知识，建立一个税务局－企业的博弈模型，在这个模型中，政府作为博弈规则的制定者，完全有能力通过制定相应的博弈规则，而使双方决策在纳什均衡时自己的利益最大化。我们用Mathematica4.1软件来帮助分析理解，寻找政府征税的最优决策，以期规避信息不对称、征税成本高等不利因素的影响。在不增加企业负担即不提高税率的情况下，分析给出政府征税的最优决策，以提高政府征税效率，增加税收收入。

It discloses the wisdom of game, narrates the nature of game, and enables game participators to take an advantageous position.

它揭示了博弈智慧的本体，阐述了博弈的本质，让参与博弈的人实现博弈占优。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。