南极

The ice skirt plays a critical role in keeping the land-based Antarctic ice cap in place.

南极裙边的冰块对于固定南极陆地上的冰帽起着关键的作用。

Although krill were encountered in 14 sites,the densities were comparatively low in general.

1999 2 0 0 0年的南极夏季，在普里兹湾地区进行了南极磷虾的现场采样。

In 1998/99 he spent 9 months working for the Australian Antarctic Division at Mawson Station in the Antarctic and now plans to add guiding in this icy wilderness to his travel work.

在1998，1999两年间，他用了9个月时间在南极的Mawson站为澳大利亚南极机构工作，现在他计划增加冰原向导。

The Australian Antarctic Division looks after all of Australia's interests in Antarctica including four research stations - the Casey, Davis and Mawson bases on the frozen continent as well as a base on Macquarie Island.

澳洲环境、水、遗产及艺术部南极司负责所有澳洲在南极的事务，包括四个研究站──在冰封大陆上的 Casey、Davis、和 Mawson 基地，以及在 Macquarie 岛上的一个基地。

Regional variation difference was very large with more ice in the eastern Antarctic, obviously less ice in the west Antarctic, both sides of the Antarctic Peninsula, especially in the Weddell Sea and the Bellingshausen Sea. The sea ice variation trend in the eastern and western Antarctic is always in opposite phase.

研究表明20世纪70年代后期是多冰期；80年代是少冰期；90年代南极海冰属于上升趋势，后期偏多，区域性变化差别大，东南极海冰偏多，西南极海冰即南极半岛两侧尤其是威德尔海区和别林斯高晋海的冰明显偏少。

Base on above studies, some conclusions were obtained as follows:(1) ore-forming background of the studied ferromanganese crusts are mainly controlled by intensity of Antarctic Bottom Waters and variations of material source;(2) it is confirmed that the ferromanganese crusts are mainly hydrogenetic and their composition are affected by volcanic and continental material simultaneously; there are no obvious phosphatization reconstruction and element reaction occurred in them, so they have important paleoceanological significance;(3) from researches on element occurrence modes in the new-type ferromanganese crusts and the lying sediments, it is proposed that there is no great biological affection on the crusts formation and their composition mainly came from the adsorptive action of the ferromanganese oxides in them;(4) two major types of ore-controlling factors are identified through compilation of ore-controlling factors, which are geological and oceanic factors;(5) considering the long-term variation trends of the crusts composition, combing the U-series and 10Be isotope dating results, it is proposed that the ore-forming processes of ferromanganese crusts in the studied areas can be divided into three major stages (5.6~2.8 Ma, 2.8~2.7 Ma and since 2.7 Ma), and then the activities of AABW since the Late Miocene, changes of input flux coming from volcanic and continental material are confirmed.

通过研究，得出如下结论：(1)研究区铁锰结壳的成矿背景主要受控于南极底流强弱及物源供给的变化；(2)证实铁锰结壳主要为水成成因，同时其物质组成也受一定程度的火山和陆源物质的影响；结壳自形成以来没有遭受到明显的磷酸盐化等成岩后期改造和元素再迁移，具有重要的古海洋学意义；(3)通过新型铁锰结壳及下伏沉积物元素赋存状态的研究，认为生物作用对研究区结壳的形成并没有很大的直接影响，其物质成分主要来自于结壳中铁锰氧化物的吸附作用；(4)在控矿要素的研究中，归纳出了地质与海洋两大类结壳控矿要素；(5)根据结壳成分长周期变化趋势，结合铀系和10Be测年结果，将研究区结壳的形成过程划分为三个主要阶段(5.6~2.8 Ma，2.8~2.7 Ma和2.7 Ma以来)，并确定了晚中新世以来研究区南极底流的活动情况、火山和大陆来源物质输入量的变化。

For the moment from predaceous leopard seals, chinstrap penguins are the secondsub-Antarctic.

为了安全免受海豹的攻击，南极企鹅是第二类盛产于南极洲或亚南极区。

First of all, retreat of glaciers and shrink of perennial snowbank induced by climate warming provide parent materials and spatial room for soil formation and development in the maritime Antarctica. Meanwhile, melt water originating from glaciers and snow-ice covers enhances temporal and spatial availability of free water, which plays all-important roles both in periglacial processes and the processes within soil profiles, thus influencing soil genesis and evolution to a great degree.

首先，南极海洋性气候区日益加速的气候变暖现象导致冰川消退、地表积雪融化，为土壤形成与分布提供了母质与空间基础；同时，气候变暖导致自由水活动在时间和空间上的加强促进了以自由水为基础的土壤过程和冰缘地貌过程，对南极海洋性气候区土壤发生、发育产生深刻影响。

Nowadays, the Antarctic is a house, Jiao A surviving a Scott South Pole Station.

如今，南极是一个房子，焦未亡一斯科特南极站。

The Ceremonial South Pole is at the Amunsen-Scott South Pole Station.

仪式时指的南极点是阿蒙森斯科特南极工作站。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。