南北朝

Yu jianwu is one of the greatest calligraphical theorists in prosperous WeiJinNanBei Dynasty, leaving only one theoretical works named ShuPin.

庾肩吾是魏晋南北朝时期非常重要的书法理论家之一，留下的书论仅有《书品》一文，但却是深富体系性的理论著述。

Succeeding the Taoism of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi during the pre-Qin period, and basing on critique and reconstruction of the cosmogenesis of the Confucian Classics School in Han Dynasty, the thinkers of the Wei -Jin Metaphysics set up a theoretical system about the ontology of universe that makes a feature of"Essence of Non-being", and "Self-transformation in profound and obscure realm". Furthermore, Wei-Jin Metaphysics enlightens the Buddhism thoughts of Heart and Soul in the Southern and Northern Dynasties ,Sui and Tang Dynasties, as well as influences on the Ideology of "Li" in Song and Ming Dynasties.

和中国哲学其他历史发展阶段的思想相比较，魏晋玄学突出和凸现了关于&有无&、&本末&等有关哲学本体问题的探索，它上承先秦道家老、庄思想，通过对汉代经学的宇宙发生论思想的批判、改造，建立起了&以无为本&、&独化于玄冥之境&等别具特色的宇宙本体论理论，以之启发了南北朝及隋唐佛学的心性论思想，乃至对宋明理学的&理&本论思想也有影响。

The period of Wei and Jin dynasties was the time when Buddhism began to spread rapidly in Chinese soil and marked the milestone for the emergence of Chinese novel. At that crosspoint, novel and Buddhism began to be connected with each other, and formed a marvelous landscape for the development of Chinese literature.

魏晋南北朝时期，是中国小说萌生的重要阶段，也是佛教在华夏大地上迅速流播扎根的岁月，在此交汇点上，小说和佛教的结缘，构成了我国文学发展的一道亮丽的风景线。

This paper is a study of the polysemy of a localizer 头 as distributed in different Chinese dialects.

本文研究了汉语方言中&头&的几种方位义，认为这些方位义形成于南北朝到宋代这段时间。

Marsilea quadrifolia image is one of important plant Images in the ancient Chinese literature. It was originated from The Book of Songs,and was incorporated into vanilla system in The Songs of Chu".After the development of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, in the Tang and Song dynasties, it has become a common image. Not only itself be observed, and formed a symbol of the emotional connotations of Personality. It was obviously affected by "The Book of Songs" and "The Songs of Chu in development of literature.

蘋是中国古代文学中极其重要的一种植物意象，《诗经》始见其端倪，《楚辞》将其纳入香草系统之中，经过魏晋南北朝的发展，在唐宋时蘋意象已经成为常见的植物意象，不仅在物色之上获得了较多的关照，并且形成了人格象征的情感内涵。

It got rapid development in Northern and Southern Dynasties and formed"Singsingguide",preach singsing,singsing and talking,and many other forms of art,among which,"Singsing guide"spread far and wide and had great influence.

说唱艺术在南北朝时期得到了长足的发展，形成了&唱导&、&宣唱&、&唱说&等多种艺术形式，其中，&唱导&的流传最广、影响最大。

In this section, the dissertation discovers that Zhu Fahu's Chinese-translated Buddhist Scriptures reflect that the Chinese language located in the period that ancient words and new words were exchanging and replacing each other rapidly. The vocabulary richness in Zhu Fahu's Chinese-translated Buddhist Scriptures is achieved by the way of compounds, synonym combination, tong-su-yi-xu synonymic words.

第三部分竺法护译经词汇的特点通过语词来源、构词和用词特点等几个方面，结合六组常用词相关的数据统计，指出竺法护译经词汇反映了魏晋南北朝时期汉语词汇处于新旧质替换共存的状态；竺法护译经中的词汇丰富和常用的表现方式通过复音化、同义连用、同素词、同素逆序词等几个途径实现。

We can reveal that the dynamism resulting in the institution of vadium is the land institution in ancient China, Buddhism and clan institution. The three factors intermingled during the dynasty of North Wei. Thus we can be more confident that the institution of vadium originated in the period of North and South in Chinese history, a historical period that was considered by Arnold J. Toynbee as gestation of a new civilization of China.

透过这一视域，我们重新回溯了&典&的源头，我们看到：导致典制产生的根本力量是中国古代的土地制度、佛教信仰和宗族制度，这三种力量在北魏的交汇，使我们更加确信：典制起源于被汤因比认为曾经孕育了一个新文明的南北朝时期。

In Sui and Tang Dynasty (581-907), China was reunited after 300 years long split and entered a united and prosperous period. Its territory at that time reached Japanese Sea in the Northeast, Caspian Sea in Northwest, Lake Baikal and upstream of Yenisei river in the north, and Rinan in the south.

隋唐时期(公元581-907)，中国历史结束了魏晋南北朝以来长达近300年的分裂局面，进入了一个统一强盛的时期，它的疆域在极盛时东北到达日本海，西北达里海，北界包括贝加尔湖和叶尼塞河上游，南至日南。

Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties of "九品中正system", which at that time changed the number of state, county Executive random places around the state of accepting feather one's nest, the selection of some of the more talented people into the career, but the system was completely family later Han dominated, family background, family status as a sole criterion for evaluation of officials, in fact,豪族forces has become a tool for control of election officials, the result must be "no寒门top grade, inferior without gentry."

魏晋南北朝实行&九品中正制&，这在当时多少改变了州、郡地方长官随意左右、受贿营私的状况，选拔出一些比较有才能的人进入仕途，但这个制度到后来完全被世家大族所把持，家世、门第成为评定官员的唯一标准，实际上已成为豪族势力控制选官的工具，其结果必然是&上品无寒门，下品无士族&。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。