单阶

Applying the De Caen"s inequality of sum of the squares of the degree and Cauchy"s inequality, we obtain a strict lower bound and a strict upper bound of the largest Laplace eigenvalues only in terms of vertex number of a unicycle graph. Applying the Laplace matrix theorem of trees, we obtain an upper bound of the second smallest Laplace eigenvalues of a unicycle. Extremal graph whose second smallest Laplace eigenvalues reach the obtained upper bound is determined. We also obtain an upper bound of the second largest Laplace eigenvalues in terms of vertex number of the largest connected branch of unicycle graph, and obtain a theoretical method to calculate the second largest Laplace eigenvalues of unicycle graph. We obtain an upper bound of any Laplace eigenvalues in terms of vertex number of a unicycle graph. We also obtain the distribution of Laplace eigenvalues in the inter [0,n] in terms of the matching number.

本文得到了以下几个方面的结果： 1、利用图度平方和的De Caen不等式和Cauchy不等式给出单圈图的最大Laplace特征值仅依赖于顶点数的严格的上下界；利用树的Laplace理论给出了单圈图次小Laplace特征值的一个上界，并刻画了达到该上界的极图；利用子图的连通分支的顶点个数给出了单圈图次大Laplace特征值的一个上界，并给出了单圈图次大Laplace特征值一个理论上的一个求法；利用单圈图的阶数给出了其一般Laplace特征值的一个上界；利用单圈图的匹配数给出其Laplace矩阵谱在区间[0，n]上的分布情况。

The inconsistencies of dimensional reduction and naive dimensional regularization in dealing withChern-Simons-matter theory are analyzed.The consistent dimensional regularization combiningwith higher covariant derivative regularization is adopted to consider Chern-Simons field theorycoupled to complex scalar and spinor field.All the local parts of one-loop two-point functionsand three-point functions are computed.Slavnov-Taylor identity is combined with these explicitcalculation results to give the one-loop local effective action.The finite gauge invariant quantumcorrection is shown and finite wave function renormalization constant for each field is defined.Thelocal part of one-loop three gauge field vertex is especially evaluated and it is verified that thereexists a renormalization choice compatible with BRST symmetry.

然后计算了所有的两点函数和三点函数单圈修正的定域部分，利用S-T恒等式给出了单圈定域有效作用量，定义了场的重正化常数，发现物质场和规范场都存在有限的规范不变的量子修正，并讨论了这些有限的规范不变的量子修正的物理意义，进而通过考察单圈三规范场顶角，表明存在与BRST对称性相容的重正化选择。5、在背景场方法的框架下，选择高阶协变导数正规化与维数正规化的杂化正规化方案计算了背景场两点函数的两圈量子修正，结果表明，标志紫外发散的极点项恰好抵消；进一步利用背景场方法中明显的规范对称性，证明背景场三点函数的两圈图贡献也是有限的。

Five novel torsion-mirror optical actuators including double-beam thickness differential structure with single torsional axis, double flexible folded-beam structure with single torsional axis, double-beam vertical torsion comb structure with single torsion axis, four-beam differential compound-micromirror structure with double torsional axis and the combined structure of the four basis forms above, are brought forward. All of these devices could be fabricated by the same silicon micromachining process we have developed. The deformation compensation design with local enhancement for the thin torsional beam which is the key structure of these devices is also put forward to improve the reliability. The three-dimension solid model and two-dimension reduced order model of the torsion-mirror optical actuator are established and then the numerical simulations for evaluating the device characteristics of the statics, dynamics, electrostatic field, mechanical and electrostatic coupling, fluid and solid coupling are carried out to optimize the structure design. Furthermore, three optical fibre clamping structures which could be integrated monolithicly are designed and analyzed to improve the optical coupling capability. 4. Three flexible process flows combined with bulk silicon micromachining and surface silicon micromachining are brought forward to fabricate these novel single-crystal silicon or polysilicon torsion-mirror optical actuators by using the same lithography masks for both SOI wafer and regular silicon wafer. A series of important process experiments are carried out to optimize the process parameters and the process flows. Some novel and typical process phenomena which occurred during the microfabrication are analyzed and then the corresponding solutions are put forward. 5. A MEMS dynamic testing system which exploit blur image synthetic technique, stroboscopic image matching technique, stroboscopic mirau microscopic interferometry technique and microscopic laser dopper vibrometer technique is set up to measure three-dimension and six-freedom micro motions of any MEMS devices with nanometer resolution.

在对硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的光机电特性系统地理论研究的基础上提出了硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的结构设计准则。3、提出了单轴双梁厚度差分结构、单轴双柔性折叠梁结构、单轴双梁垂直扭转梳齿结构、双轴四梁差动复合微镜结构以及以上四种基本结构组合后的衍生结构等五种工艺加工技术兼容的新型的硅微机械扭转镜光致动器，对器件关键结构薄厚度、高耐疲劳扭转梁进行了局部加强的变形补偿设计，建立了器件的三维实体模型以及两维降阶模型，对提出的新结构硅微机械扭转镜光致动器进行了系统的静力学、动力学、静电场、力电耦合和流体固体耦合的建模仿真与优化设计，同时设计并分析了三种可实现单芯片集成的弹性光纤定位夹紧结构。4、提出了组合体硅微加工技术与表面硅微加工技术、兼容同一套光刻版图、可分别基于SOI 晶片和普通Si 晶片、适应于制造提出的各种新结构单晶硅和多晶硅硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的三套柔性加工工艺流程，开展了一系列重要工艺步骤的单项工艺试验，对工艺流程与工艺参数进行了优化，针对加工过程中出现的具有普遍意义的典型工艺问题进行了讨论和分析，并提出了解决方法。5、创新性地将模糊图像合成技术、频闪图像匹配技术、频闪Mirau 显微干涉技术与显微激光多普勒测振技术有机结合，建立起了一套周期运动测量与瞬态运动测量相结合、单点运动测量与全视场运动测量相结合、满足不同MEMS 器件各种动态测试要求的集成的MEMS 三维六自由度微运动精密测量系统。

In addition, for a class of first-order predicate expression namely first-order predicate expression without free variable and with one quantifier, a necessary and sufficient condition for such first-order predicate expressions to be equivalent and a corresponding judging algorithm are come up with.

另外，对于一阶谓词公式的一个常见子类——无自由变元单量词的一阶谓词公式，提出了一个判定这种一阶谓词公式等价性的充分必要条件和判定算法。

This course will cover: fundamental electrical circuit quantities, and circuit elements; circuits laws (Ohm law and Kirchhoff voltage and current laws); series and parallel connections of circuit elements; operational amplifiers; network theorems; nodal and mesh analysis methods; analysis of natural, step response, and response to sinusoidal input of first and second order circuits; phasor analysis; introduction to computer emulation to electrical circuit.

中文简介：本课程将覆盖以下内容：电子电路的基本原理，电路元件，基本电路定律(欧姆定律，基尔霍夫电压定律和基尔霍夫电流定律)；电子元器件的的串连和并联；运算放大器；网络理论；节点分析法和网孔分析法；一阶电路和二阶电路的普通信号，阶跃信号及单音信号的响应特性的分析；矢量分析法；并介绍计算机电路仿真的相关知识。

Based on the logic dependent relation and first-order logic, AND/OR graphs of single target with unit agent, and single target with multi-agent, joint targets with multi-agent were gotten respectively. As an example, single target with multi-agent was used to illustrate AO(superscript *) searching algorithm of logic dependent relations.

在分析逻辑依赖关系与一阶谓词表示法基础上，分别给出了单agent单目标、多agent单目标、多agent联合目标的逻辑依赖关系的与／或图表达方法，并应用与／或图的AO搜索算法，以多agent单目标情形为例，演示多agent系统中逻辑依赖关系的计算过程。

With the help of its structure, this paper points out that the non-commutative finite solvable subsimple group will necessarily be a qualitative element group. And referring to the nature of qualitative element group, it can be easily identified the conditions that the ordered prime divisors in a solvable initial finite subsimple group should meet. Suppose that G is always a finite group.

利用其结构，指出了非交换可解有限次单群必为质元群，从而利用质元群的性质，可以很容易地初步确定了可解有限次单群的阶中素因子之间所必须满足的条件，主要得到下面的一些结论：定理1 G是非交换的可解有限次单群，则G′是G的唯一的非平凡正规子群，并且G′是初等交换p -群，此时| G |= p~n q，|G′|=p~n，。

The high-efficiency SRS in barium nitrate Ba(NO32 crystal was obtained pumped by a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) operated at 30 Hz.

报道了利用重复频率为30 Hz，波长为532 nm 的Nd∶YAG倍频激光单次通过抽运硝酸钡（Ba(NO3)2）晶体（晶体由水溶液降温法生长，长度为48 mm，横截面为10 mm×10 mm），获得高效率的一阶（563 nm），二阶（599 nm）和三阶（639 nm）斯托克斯光的实验结果。

Second, based on the spherical vector wave function in uniaxial anisotropic medium, and the first, second, third and fourth spherical Bessel functions satisfy the same differential equation and recursive formula. The scattering fields in terms of spherical vector wave function from a uniaxial anisotropic spherical shell and an anisotropic uniaxial-coated conducting sphere by a plane wave are derived. The electromagnetic fields in uniaxial anisotropic medium and free space can be expressed in terms of spherical vector wave functions in uniaxial anisotropic media and isotropic medium.

二、在建立均匀各向异性单轴介质球矢量波函数理论的基础上，利用二阶线性偏微分方程的性质和第一、第二、第三和第四类球Bessel函数满足相同的微分方程和递推关系，我们分别研究了单轴介质球壳和单轴介质涂覆导体球对平面波的电磁散射特性，首先给出了各个区域的电磁场用球矢量波函数来表示的解析表达式，进而利用电磁场在边界上满足电磁场切向连续的边界条件和球谐函数的正交性，得出了各向异性单轴介质球结构中电磁场用球矢量波函数表示的系数所满足的矩阵方程。

After the deduction of high order temporal and special difference approximation to the wave equation, the snapshots of wave propagation in an infinite monoclinic media and synthetic three components surface and VSP data for a flat layered model are presented.

推导了交错网格中时间和空间上的高阶差分近似公式，并针对二维单斜各向异性介质，给出了具体的空间差分网格的形式。在上述理论的基础上，利用交错网格高阶有限差分技术，首次对单斜各向异性介质中波的传播特性进行了模拟。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷