单边的

Main contributions and achievements are as follows:A general non-equilibrium rigorous model for RDP is developed in this thesis. Based on the pseudo-homogenous assumption, two main factors reaction and separation are de-coupled, and an RDP model with the same format as that for a traditional distillation process is established. To solve the model with a large number of algebraic equations, modified M-K equations with tri-diagonal matrix form are developed based on the improved Separation Efficiency Functions, which greatly increases the iteration efficiency. This thesis also develops a general reactive distillation dynamic model. Through splitting of the differential variables based on SEFS, large-scaled differential algebraic equations can be solved with the improved Gear's algorithm which makes the dynamic model suitable for the on-line application. A simulation platform for the control loop design and evaluation of RDP by introducing control system equations into the dynamic model is also developed.A lactic acid purification pilot-scale RDP is investigated.

论文对热点问题——反应精馏过程的建模与优化控制相关技术进行了深入的研究，取得了一系列成果：1、建立了反应精馏过程机理模型，基于拟均相假设，将反应和分离过程进行解耦，推导出反应精馏过程的非平衡级稳态模型和动态模型，通过引入推广的分离效率函数，对模型变量进行了合理划分，显著提高了模型求解效率；将动态模型和控制系统方程结合，建立了反应精馏过程控制系统研究的辅助工具。2、全面分析了乳酸提纯反应精馏新工艺试验装置，利用本文建立的过程机理模型，对该试验装置进行了稳态和动态性能分析及水力学核算；设计和分析了单边质量控制方案，比较了间接和直接物料平衡控制两种方案的控制性能。

First, it raises the prospect that the immemorial split on nuclear weapons between the old Labour right—embodied by Ernest Bevin, the post-war foreign secretary who was so keen to get a bomb "with the bloody Union Jack on top of it"—and the party's peaceniks, whose policy of unilateral disarmament contributed to Labour's unpopularity in the 1980s, may be revived in opposition.

第一个，它可能会带来工党内部对于核武器问题的分歧，以前工党曾经由战后外交大臣Ernest Bevin正面提出倾向于获得"让该死的英国国旗覆盖着"的原子弹，而他们的单边裁军政策导致了工党在80年代的失去执政的党内的反战分子们可能会反对Ernest Bevin所提出的关于获得原子弹的论调。

Based on the dynamic change of the intersection traffic flow,two intersection traffic control strategies were proposed,including the variable lane use on certain intersection approach,and the split-phase signal control strategy.

针对信号控制交叉口实际流量动态变化的特征，在现有传统控制方法的基础上根据交叉口交通流的变化特点，提出采用可变车道控制模式的控制方法、单边轮放控制模式的控制方法，介绍了其潜在的适用条件、优势及特点，并在交通流量调查的的基础上，建立了交叉口的相应仿真模型，利用信号控制仿真软件Synchro验证了在高峰期不同控制方法的效果。

Based on the dynamic change of the intersection traffic flow, two intersection traffic control strategies were proposed, including the variable lane use on certain intersection approach, and the split-phase signal control strategy. Then, the potential applicability, advantages and characteristics of the two strategies were analyzed. With the surveyed data, a corresponding simulation model was built, and the effectiveness of these methods was simulated with the traffic signal control simulation software Synchro.

针对信号控制交叉口实际流量动态变化的特征，在现有传统控制方法的基础上根据交叉口交通流的变化特点，提出采用可变车道控制模式的控制方法、单边轮放控制模式的控制方法，介绍了其潜在的适用条件、优势及特点，并在交通流量调查的的基础上，建立了交叉口的相应仿真模型，利用信号控制仿真软件Synchro验证了在高峰期不同控制方法的效果。

As he accepted the Nobel Peace Prize, the world's highest honor for peacemaking, Obama voiced his starkest rejection yet of the pre-emptive war doctrine and unilateralism articulated by his predecessor.

当他接受了诺贝尔和平奖，世界最高荣誉的和平，奥巴马表示，他最严厉的拒绝成为了先发制人的战争理论和他的前任阐述的单边主义。

GK31030-5A High Speed Two-needle Collar Binding Machine,with the capacity of sewing heavy weight fabrics,equipped with binder and passing belt device,can make the belt automatically into the upper part tight and the lower part loose.it is available for collar binding and binding on one side of knitted underwears.

GK31030型高速中厚料三针绷缝机采用齿轮泵内循环自动润滑系统和可靠的密封方式，能保证在高速时的正常运转和衣料的洁净。装有独特的移动护针机构和上轴外支座，使其增强了缝厚能力。具备基本缝、单边压平缝和拼接缝的双面装饰缝纫功能。

The WTO's rules allow them plenty of scope: after two decades of unilateral tariff-cutting most of their tariffs are well below their "bound" rates, the ceilings agreed in the trade club.

WTO的规则给了他们很大的活动空间：在经历了20多年的关税单边下调之后，大多数国家的关税都在他们的&约束&税率之下，达到约束税率是进入WTO的门槛。

The WTO's rules allow them plenty of scope: after two decades of unilateral tariff-cutting most of their tariffs are well below their "bound" rates, the ceilings agreed in the trade club.

WTO的规定留给这些国家相当大的余地，经过20年的单边削减关税，大多数国家的关税水平都低于约定税率，即贸易谈判达成协议的关税上限。

The WTO's rules allow them plenty of scope: after two decades of unilateral tariff-cutting most of their tariffs are well below their "bound" rates, the ceilings agreed in the trade club.

世贸组织的规则给他们留有充足的余地：经过20年的单边关税削减，大部分成员国的关税已经大大低于组织内约定的约束税率。

Extensive research has been carried out under the hypothesises such as fixed number of constraints in one dynamic system, nondegenerative Jacobian of constraints, ideal and bilateral constraints. If one or more of these hypothesises are violated, inconsistency in state space may appear.

然而，目前有待发展的经典力学理论中有一些假设性的前提，例如约束的数目保持不变，约束的Jacobian非退化，约束是理想的，同时对含单边约束的系统研究甚少。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷