单子叶植物

The 9 species belong to 4 taxa, pteridophyta (Dicranopteris dichotoma and Alsophila spinulosa), gymnosperm (Cycas panzhihuaensis, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Cunninghamia lanceolata and Pinus massoniana), dicotyledon (Schima superba and Cyclobalanopsis glauca), monocotyledon, which are ranked in the order of the origin time from earlier to later.

所选的9种植物分属于4个类群，按起源时间由早到晚依次为蕨类植物、裸子植物（苏铁、水杉、杉木和马尾松）、双子叶植物及单子叶植物。

The results of a Preliminary investigation on Resources of medicinal plants in the coastal area in Eman township, Danzhou city, Hainan province, shows that there are 78 families 208 genera 236 species of medicinal vascular plants in the area, Including 4 families 4 genera 4 species of Pteridophyte, 63 families 184 genera 209 species of Dicotyledon, and 11 families 20 genera 23 species of Monocotyledon.

2农业部热带作物种质资源利用重点开放实验室，海南儋州571737；3海南大学园艺园林学院，海南儋州571737海南省儋州市峨蔓镇沿海药用植物资源初步调查结果表明，该地区有药用维管束植物78科208属236种，其中蕨类4科4属4种，双子叶植物63科184属209种，单子叶植物11科20属23种。

Vector pDLBRBNPT contained plant selective marker gene nptⅡ and vector pCDMAR-Hyg contained plant selective marker hygramycin phosphotransferase gene , they fitted to dicotyledon and monocotyledon transformation respectively.

载体pDLBRBNPT含有植物选择标记基因nptⅡ，适合双子叶植物转化；而载体pCDMAR-Hyg的植物选择标记潮霉素磷酸转移酶(Hygramycinphosphotransferase，Hyg)分离，主要用于单子叶植物转化。

The results show that both of relative rate and synonymous and non-synonymous coden substitution in eudicot clade are significantly higher than those in monocot clade, and the value of dN/ds uncovered possible positive selective pressure in eudicot clade.

结果表明：真双子叶植物分支中SQUA类基因的相对速率和同义与非同义置换位点均显著高于单子叶植物分支；同时，dN／dS值表明真双子叶植物分支中可能存在正选择压力。

This paper discussed recent progresses in Agrobacterium transformation mechanism, plant response to the infection of Agrobacterium, the expression of foreign genes in transgenic plants and monocotyledonous species transformation by Agrobacterium.

本文从农杆菌介导的基因转化机理，植物对农杆菌侵染的反应，转基因植物的遗传表达，以及农杆菌对单子叶植物的转化等方面论述了该领域的最新研究进展，并提出了进一步研究的方向。

Using nuclear DNA C-values for 539 angiosperms in China, we examined the variation of these values among growth forms and taxonomic groups and the relationship of these values with invasiveness. Mean DNA C-value of the 539 angiosperm species was 4.06 pg. Mean DNA C-value was(1) significantly lower for woody species (1.84 pg) than for herbaceous species(5.02 pg);(2) significantly lower for 360 dicots (2.20 pg) than for 179 monocots (7.80 pg);(3) significantly lower for annuals (2.78 pg) than for perennials(6.65 pg);(4) significantly lower for 134 weed species (1.93 pg) than for herbaceous non-weeds (6.75 pg) and for several families that have an unusually high proportion of weed species;(5) significantly lower for 47 exotic weed species (1.76 pg) than for 134 native weeds (1.93 pg), but significantly lower than that of "non-weedy" herbaceous species (6.75 pg);(6) lower for weeds than for "non-weedy" species in same genus or family; and (7) in herbaceous species, generally lower for weedy compared to "non-weedy" species, with some exceptions such as Avena fatua, whose DNA C-value is as high as 14.15 pg, contrarily, and some "non-weedy" herbaceous species in Cruciferae and Cucurbitaceae with very low values.

统计了中国境内有分布的539种被子植物的DNA C-值，分析了它们在不同分类群、生活型、倍性、生活史类型以及在杂草和非杂草类群中的分布情况，主要结果如下：(1)539种被子植物DNA C-值平均为4.06 pg，其中木本植物的DNA C-值平均为1.84 pg，低于草本植物的平均值(5.02 pg)；(2)双子叶植物(360种)的DNA C-值平均为2.20 pg，极明显地小于单子叶植物(179种)的平均值(7.80 pg)；(3)1年生植物的DNA C-值平均为2.78 pg，明显小于多年植物的平均DNA C-值(6.65 pg)；(4)134种杂草的DNA C-值平均为1.93 pg，明显小于非杂草草本植物的平均值(6.75 pg)，含杂草较多的科，平均DNA C-值相对较小；(5)统计的47种入侵杂草的DNA C-值平均为1.76 pg，略小于134种杂草的平均DNA C-值(1.93 pg)，极显著地小于非杂草性草本植物(6.75 pg)；(6)以科为单位，不同科的DNA C-值存在着极大的差异；(7)DNA C-值与染色体倍性的关系并不明显，但是，随着倍性的增加，基因组变小；(8)在同一科、属中，与非杂草相比，典型杂草的DNA C-值往往偏小；(9)总体上杂草或杂草性强的植物，它们的DNA C-值比非杂草性植物的要小。

Petrosaviaceae are placed as a sister group of the dade comprising the Dioscoreales-Pandanales dade, Asparagales, Liliales and commelinoids.

无叶莲科Petrosaviaceae紧随广义的泽泻目之后分化出来，无叶莲科和剩余的单子叶植物类群形成姐妹群关系，并得到了较高的支持率。

By comparing their sequences with homologues from other plants, it was found that GME genes were highly conserved among plant species, though phylogenetic study showed that all known GMEs could be divided into two distinct groups corresponding to monocots and dicots.

通过逆转录PCR技术从水稻成熟叶片中克隆到两个GME基因的cDNA序列，并与其他植物物种中的GMEs进行比对，结果显示，GME基因在所有植物物种中高度保守，尽管进化树分析表明单子叶植物GMEs和双子叶植物GMEs在进化上相互独立。

Firstly, both cDNAs were isolated from the rice mature leaves using RT-PCR technique. By comparing their sequences with homologues from other plants, it was found that GME genes were highly conserved among plant species, though phylogenetic study showed that all known GMEs could be divided into two distinct groups corresponding to monocots and dicots.

通过逆转录PCR技术从水稻成熟叶片中克隆到两个GME基因的cDNA序列，并与其他植物物种中的GMEs进行比对，结果显示，GME基因在所有植物物种中高度保守，尽管进化树分析表明单子叶植物GMEs和双子叶植物GMEs在进化上相互独立。

Moreover, new vector systems and methods are developed to use in other plants, including monocots.

目前，VIGS体系应用最成功的植物是病毒学家常用的模式植物-本氏烟草，与此同时，也在努力改良VIGS技术，使其能够在包括单子叶植物在内的其它物种中得到广泛应用。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。