单基因的

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris is the causal agent of black rot disease of crucifers worldwide. In both plant and mammalian Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, type III secretion systems, encoded by hrp cluster, play a crucial role in interactions with the host. The proteins assembled TTSS were highly conserved.

野油菜黄单胞菌野油菜致病变种是一种能在全球范围内引起所有十字花科植物黑腐病的重要病原细菌。hrp基因簇编码的Ⅲ型分泌系统在动植物病原细菌和寄主互作过程中起着极其重要的作用。

According to either sequence data sets or gene arrangement features at both gene junctions, Brachyuran crabs were monophyletic and divergent between Heterotremata and Thoracotremata. Potamoidea represented by S.

本文基于基因序列和排列数据的系统发生分析都支持短尾类是一单系群；异孔类和胸孔类互为姐妹群；以长江华溪蟹为代表的溪蟹总科与扇蟹总科、梭子蟹总科有较近的亲缘关系。

There are 2 alleles at a marker locus and they are codominant. We assumed that the sires used were heterozygous at all marker loci with known linkage phases and were mated to females which are randomly sampled from a population being in HardyWeinberg equilibrium.For further understanding of the values of treating QTL effect as random effect and the importance of estimating the variance component of QTL, we estimated the additive QTL effect under several factors combinations assuming that the QTL vanance component to be known.

为了进一步明确将QTL效应作为随机效应处理，并估计其方差组分的重要意义，本文在方差组分真值给定的前提下，采用随机QTL效应模型和单标记及侧翼标记信息，研究了不同试验设计、不同群体结构、不同QTL等位基因类型、不同遗传力和不同QTL方差贡献等因素组合下，TM-BLUP种畜遗传评定的效果。

Methods: We divide the rats into 5 groups in random, with Morris method, detect the change of some active oxygen radicals such as super-oxide demitasse, Nitric Oxide Synthase, malondialdehyde etc. Also, we detect the change of cholinesterase, Monoamine Oxidize; using HE,PAS staining, immuno-histochemical technique, detect hippocampus CA1 cerebral pathology slices optical density value of NOS, CHE and lipofuscin of neural cell; detecting apoptosis rate and the expression of P53 , which are neuronal apoptosis related genes.

大鼠随机分为5组，采用"Morris水迷宫"法观察脑缺血性模型大鼠学习记忆功能，检测超氧化物歧化酶、一氧化氮合酶、丙二醛等自由基代谢异常的改变，检测胆碱酯酶、单胺氧化酶等老化相关酶的变化、脑组织神经细胞免疫组织化学技术、检查海马CA1区脑组织的病理切片，检测NOS、CHE光密度值；流式细胞技术：检测细胞凋亡率，及促细胞凋亡基因、P_(53)蛋白表达；病理切片采用HE染色、PAS染色及免疫组化法检查，检测对大鼠海马神经元细胞一般病理变化及脑细胞内脂褐含量。

Thus most individuals in an outbreeding population could be called hybrids, and geneticists apply the term to the F1generation resulting from a monohybrid cross, where the offspring differ in the alleles of a single gene.

大多数异系交配的个体可以被称为杂种，遗传学上常将进行单因子杂交得到的 F1代称为杂种，它们在一个位点上具有不同的等位基因。

The isothermal amplification step depends not only on the replication of DNA polymerase, but also on the scission of nicking enzyme, which can generate a great number of aptamer.

我们用该方法对细胞色素P450酶系中的异喹胍羟化酶的单碱基多态性(CYP2D6*10)进行了检测，使突变型和野生型基因DNA得到了很好的区分。2。

By adding some fluorescence group in the reaction,we can utilize the fluorescence signal to accumulate and monitor the whole PCR process,and finally through the standard curve,we could analysis the unknown sample.As this technology has the characteristics of strong peculiar,high sensitivity,fine repetitiveness and accurateness,fast and totally closed raction,so in diagnosing animal virosis,this technology not only can measure the power and distribution of pathogen infection in the organism,and also it still has sensitive,fast,convenient characteristics.

该技术实现了PCR从定性到定量的飞跃，同常规PCR法相比，该方法特异性和可靠性更强，能实现多重反应，且采用了完全闭管检测，不需PCR后处理，有效解决PCR污染问题以及EB对试验人员的伤害；再配以相应的荧光PCR仪，使整个PCR过程实现自动化，加之具有耗时短，操作方便等特点而备受推崇，因而广泛应用于基因表达研究、转基因产品安全检测、单核苷酸多态性研究及病原体检测等领域。

The biological activities of ScFv obtained from 293T cell culture fluids infected by liposome were evaluated. RESULTS: The accession number of VH and VL genes of antiricin neutralizing monoclonal antibody was DQ389248 and DQ389245. ScFv could bind with ricin specifically. Inhibition percentage of culture liquid of 293T cell without dilution and with 2 times dilution was 33.7% and 29%, respectively. ScFv could neutralize the cytotoxic effects of ricin to SP2/0 cells at the concentration of 0.01-0.005 ng/mL in a nice doseeffect relation.

结果： 中和性单抗杂交瘤细胞4C13轻、重链可变区基因在GenBank中的登录号为DQ389248和DQ389245，ScFv与ricin可特异性结合，培养上清原液和2倍稀释液的抑制率分别为33.7%和29%；ScFv在ricin浓度为0.01~0.005 ng/mL时可中和ricin 对SP2/0细胞的细胞毒，随着ricin浓度逐渐增大，细胞存活率逐渐减低。

One was the pqsA' positive expression plasmid constructed by cloning the pqsA'-lacZ fusion digested from pYHP441 into miniCTX-1, whose sequence was then integrated into wild type PAO-1 chromosome by biparental mating procedure. The other was pqsA-E operon knock-out plasmid whose sequence between pqsD and pqsE operon was inserted by tetracycline cassette by the site specific insertion mutagenesis strategy and the mutant constructed by biparental mating of S17-1 that harbored the plasmid and pqsA' positive expression mutant.

一种是酶切质粒pYHP441获得pqsA'-lacZ片段后，亚克隆入质粒miniCTX-1中，构建成PqsA'的阳性表达质粒，随后将构建的质粒，通过双亲交配过程整合入野生型铜绿假单胞菌株PAO-1染色体组中；另一种是通过点特异插入诱变策略，将四环素基因盒插入启动子pqsD和pqsE之间，构建的阴性质粒转化入大肠杆菌S17-1株后，和上述pqsA'阳性表达突变株进行双亲交配过程。

Association study based on population level may find the possible SNP and/or haplotype associated with the disease.

系统地在群体水平上筛查鉴定SNP，特别是编码区和基因调控区的SNP，并通过病例-对照组间的比较和统计学分析，有可能获得与疾病相关联的SNP位点或单倍型。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。