单基因的

Magna populations in edge and central region was studied. In 39 A. magna samples and five A. chukar outgroups, the entire mtDNA D loop was PCR amplified. The 456-457 nucleotides of the DNA D loop domain Ⅰ have been sequenced by dideoxy chain termination method. The 16 variable sites(3 5% of the entire sequence) defined 15 haplotypes.

本研究采用聚合酶链式反应和直接测序的方法获得了采自甘肃的大石鸡一个边缘种群和两个中心地理种群共39个个体的线粒体DNA控制区基因456～457个核苷酸的基因序列，16个变异位点(占整个序列的3.5%)有15个单倍型。

Mutation rate at exon of GH in five bovine species was very low with the percentage of 3.48%. The majority of nucleotide substitution was nonsense mutation and only one missense mutation was observed. Molecule tree based on haplotypes of bGH at exon 5 showed that differentiation was apparent relatively between Bubalus bubalis and Bos taurus, Bos indicus, Bos grunniens, Bos frontalis. There was no apparent differentiation among other four bovine species and they shared mutual ancestral sequence.

序列分析表明，5个牛种GH基因外显子5的遗传变异水平较低，平均核苷酸变异率约为3.48%，而且绝大多数位点的核苷酸替换是同义突变，仅发现1个错义突变位点；从GH基因外显子5序列单倍型构建的分子进化树来看，水牛与普通牛、瘤牛、牦牛及大额牛的分化相对比较明显，其他4个牛种之间并无明显分化，还享有共同的祖先序列。

The phylogenetic analysis of 22 ND4L sequences of Phocidae from GenBank showed that there are two clades (which belong to Northern Group and Southern Group) supported by relatively high bootstrap value and there are more closed relationship between spotted seal and harbor seal.17 haplotypes with 717bp were obtained from the mtDNA control region, adjacent proline and a portion of the threonine tRNA genes of 46 individuals.

利用从GenBank中下载的22个海豹科动物的ND4L基因序列的系统进化分析表明，海豹科动物分为南半球和北半球两大类群，斑海豹与港海豹为北半球种类，亲缘关系最近。从46个辽东湾斑海豹线粒体DNA控制区和苏氨酸及脯氨酸tRNA基因717bp片段的测序，得到17个单倍型。

Single PCR reaction with two pairs of PCR primers designed on the markers respectively tightly linked with Cf-9 and Tm-1 genes in tomato, which be resistant to leaf mold and tomato mosaic virus. For the genes the PCR products were almost completely correspond to the amplified bands produced by single PCR primer.

利用同一PCR反应体系，对分别与番茄抗叶霉病的Cf-9基因和抗番茄烟草花叶病毒病的Tm-1基因紧密连锁的PCR标记进行了同时扩增筛选，扩增的特异性片段与单引物扩增片段吻合。

Objective To establish dual luciferase report gene system basic the Y-box sequence of MDR1 gene and analysis it s activity.

目的 通过构建以MDR1启动子为启动序列的双荧光素酶报告基因系统并进行活性分析，为MDR1基因表达的单靶点调控研究和逆转剂的筛选提供一种有效的方法。

Scientists found that the montane vole had a short version of the vasopressin receptor gene, and the monogamous one had a long version of it.

科学家们发现，那些山地的田鼠有一个较短样式的垂体后叶荷尔蒙接收基因，而那些单配型的田鼠的垂体后叶荷尔蒙接收基因样式较长。

In this study, we discussed the phylogenetic relationships in the Anura groups with the sequences of the 12 proteins encoded in the H-strand and 22 tRNAs of mtDNA from 21 species from GenBank. They all indicated that Anura were divided into the Archaeobatrachia and the Neobatrachia,these results supported the monophyletic origin of Anura.

结合饰纹姬蛙和金线蛙的mtDNA以及GenBank上公布的共21种无尾目的线粒体基因组，本文基于编码重链12个蛋白质的基因和编码22个tRNA的基因分别构建了MP系统树，分析了21种无尾目动物的亲缘关系，结果都显示将无尾目分为两大群，支持无尾目的单系起源。

The combined analysis with cpSSR and chloroplast non-coding gene sequences found that there were several disperse glacial refugia within species of Dipteronia,the main glacial refugia for species D.dyerana was its recent distribution southeastern-yunnan province,and with abroad distribution,the main glacial refugia of D.sinensis were Qinling mountains,Daba mountains,Funiu mountains, Wuling mountains and Shennongjia mountains.

叶绿体DNA单倍型分析表明金钱槭属内金钱槭和云南金钱槭种间无共享单倍型，叶绿体SSR标记和基因序列分析表明：金钱槭属植物存在多个分散的冰期避难所，其中云南金钱槭主要避难于其现今分布的云南省东南部地区，而金钱槭由于其分布区比较广泛，主要的避难所有秦岭山脉、大巴山山脉、伏牛山山脉、武陵山脉、神农架山脉等。

Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the contribution of polymorphisms in the positionally cloned asthma candidate genes ADAM33, PHF11, DPP10, GPRA and PTGDR to the risk of asthma, total and specific immunoglobulin E level, lung function and wheezing in a large, nationally representative, population.

为了评价原位克隆哮喘候补基因ADAM33， PHF11， DPP10， GPRA 和 PTGDR的多态性与哮喘发病危险因素之间的联系，Blakey等人在全国范围内进行了一项大型调查，他们选择了英国白人家族中1958年出生的独生子作为研究人群(n = 7703)，询问其喘息症状，测其总IgE、特异性IgE、肺功能，同时对其某些基因型和单核苷酸多态性进行相关分析。

The inhibinβA gene was studied as a candidate gene for the prolificacy of Jining Grey goats. According to the sequence of bovine INHBA gene, four pairs of primers were designed to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms of exon 1 and exon 2 of INHBA gene in both high fecundity breed and low fecundity breeds (Inner Mongolia Cashmere goat and Angora goat) by PCR-SSCP.

采用PCR-SSCP技术检测抑制素βA亚基基因（inhibin βA，INHBA）的编码区在高繁殖力山羊品种和低繁殖力山羊品种（内蒙古绒山羊、安哥拉山羊）中的单核苷酸多态性，同时研究该基因对济宁青山羊高繁殖力的影响。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。