单型

Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship in goldfish were examined using mitochondrial D-Loop partial sequences at eight representative varieties of goldfishes and wild crucian carp. The eight representative varieties were Red Common Goldfish, Red Fantail, White Oranda with Red Carp, White Pearlscale, Red Tigerhead, Black Moor, Red Moor with Butterfly Tail and Red Bubble-eye with Dorsal Fin. 699 base-pair nucleotide sequences of Mitochondrial D-Loop were examined and analyzed for genetic polymorphism, Sequences data showed that all 129 sequences were grouped into 17 haplotypes. Nine representative varieties shared same haplotype. Five representative varieties of goldfishes had haplotypes respectively.

采用PCR技术扩增了红草金鱼，红文鱼，红顶白高头，白珍珠，红狮头，红龙睛蝶尾，墨龙睛，红水泡八个品种金鱼和野生鲫线粒体DNA的D-Loop区部分序列，PCR产物经纯化、测序、同源序列比对后获得长度为699bp的核苷酸序列，在129个样本中共检测到了17个单倍型，9个品种共享1种单倍型，5个品种的金鱼(BM， MB， WR， RF， RC)检测到各自独有的单倍型。

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The normal feather Wugu chickens also had a lot of maternal ancestors; the result showed that at least six populations of red jungle fowl contributed to the gene pool of the domestic fowls.

丝羽乌骨鸡为常羽乌骨鸡的突变型，常羽乌骨鸡有比丝羽乌骨鸡更多的单倍型类型，而且在丝羽乌骨鸡群体中出现的几种主体单倍型类型也是常羽乌骨鸡群体的主体单倍型。

In order to reduce calculation error, the frequency distribution of average values is used to compute the mixed distribution's digital features of each component distribution, thereinto, the number of the component distribution is determined by AIC, choose the number that meets the minimum value of AIC as the component number of mixed distribution, and the other parameters are estimated by EM algorithm; Secondly, because each component distribution is corresponding to a kind of major gene genotype, according to the values of the average and variance of the each component distribution, we can use the limit error of the normal distribution to plot each individual into the correspondent component distribution, namely into correspondent major gene genotype. Then we regard each major gene genotype as a treatment level of one-way analysis of variances, and the one-way multivariate analysis of variance is carried out to calculate the covariance matrix of major gene effect, covariance matrix of polygene effect, covariance matrix of environment effect and so on; At last, combining the weights of the each component distribution of mixed distribution, we can calculate the variance of major gene effect, the variance of polygene effect, environmental variance and the genetic gain of the quantitative trait.

为减小计算误差，本研究采用均值的频数分布来计算各成分分布的数字特征，其中成分分布个数根据AIC准则，选择使AIC值达到最小的成分分布个数作为混合分布的成分分布数，分布中其它参数的确定利用EM算法来估计；其次，每个成分分布对应一种主基因基因型，根据各个成分分布的均值和方差，利用正态分布的极限误差将每个个体划分到相应的成分分布中，即相应的主基因基因型中，将每种主基因型作为单因素方差分析的一个处理水平，对其进行单因素的多元方差分析，分别计算主基因效应协方差阵、多基因效应协方差阵、环境协方差阵等参数；最后结合混合分布中各成分分布的权重即各主基因基因型的分离比例，计算主基因效应方差，多基因效应方差和环境方差，以及遗传力等参数，进而计算该数量性状的遗传进展。

Both the interactions of haplotype vs. food (R0: P=0.038; rm: P=0.027) and that of haplotype vs. temperature (R0: P=0.006; rm: P=0.000) had obvious effect on growth reponses of the clonal groups. Moreover, there was significant interaction of haplotype vs. temperature (lorica length: P=0.033; lorica width: P=0.000) and haplotype vs. temperature (lorica length: P=0.027; lorica width: P=0.000) on body size of the clonal group.

生命表实验结果显示，单倍型与食物浓度的交互作用（R0：P=0.038；rm：P=0.027）以及单倍型与温度的交互作用（R0：P=0.006；rm：P=0.000）对种群增长均有显著影响，这4个单倍型克隆群对环境条件具有不同的偏好，并且各个克隆群对于环境变化有不同的生殖反应。

The single mechanical seals of five PHP pumps, nine PLA pumps, two THD pumps and nine ZA pumps in the acetic acid plant were changed into dual mechanical seals based on not changing main parts such as casing, impeller, shaft, bearings house etc. to solve the leakage problems of flammable, explosive, poisonous, harmful substances, such as acetic acid, methyl iodide, hydroiodic acid, and propionic acid etc.

通过对醋酸装置中所选用的5台PHP型、9台PLA型、2台THD型及9台ZA型单级卧式脚支撑化工离心泵，在不改变泵壳、叶轮、轴、轴承箱等主要部件的基础上，将原来的单端面机械密封改造为双端面机械密封或串联式机械密封，以此来防止所输送的易燃、易爆、有毒、有害高危介质（如醋酸、碘甲烷、碘化氢、丙酸等）外漏。

It implies that the relationship between Japanese black cattle and Mongolian cattle is more distant. According to that the rate of sequence divergence of mtDNA is estimated to be 2% per million years, Haplotype II and III of mongolian cattle s mtDNA might be separate about 240 thousand years ago, which is earlier than the 10000-year history of cattle husbandry. Haplotype of yellow cattleand zebu cattle might be separate about 0.73-0.92 million years ago.

按照哺乳动物mtDNA碱基突变率每百万年2％计算，单倍型Ⅱ和Ⅲ(遗传距离为0.478％)所代表的蒙蒙古牛和日本和牛遗传多态性比较研究硕士学位论文古牛群体之间的分化时间大约24万年，这比人类驯化牛10000的历史要久远得多。I单倍型和11、m两种单倍型(遗传距离为1.467%，1.83870)所代表的牛群体之间的分化时间大约73万年至92万年前。

The diurnal variation curves of Pn among different types of pear cultivars are different, and there are two types, single-apex curve and anisomerous double-apex curve.

不同类型梨品种叶片Pn日变化曲线不同，有单峰型和不对称双峰型两类，新鸭梨及黄冠Pn曲线呈单峰型，清香、红巴梨和库尔勒香梨的Pn日变化曲线为双峰型

It s rope trolley type has mainly single trolley basic type with wire winding system, single trolley with through grab wire coinding type, double trolley type with main trolley and compensation trolley ,single trolley with four drums and planet reducer synchronous type and single trolley with four drums and electric synchronous type.

其牵引小车的型式主要有单小车钢丝绳缠绕系统基本型，单小车钢丝绳贯穿抓斗缠绕式，带有主小车和补偿小车的双小车式，单小车四卷筒行星减速驱动同步型，单小车四卷筒电气同步型。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。