单叶的

The effects of different plant densities on flag leaves chlorophyll content,SOD activity and MDA content after anthesis in stronggluten wheat interplanted in paddyfield were studied.

本试验在江苏淮北地区设计不同密度试验，研究其对稻田套播强筋小麦花后剑叶叶绿素含量、SOD酶活性和MDA含量的影响，结果表明：随花后生育进程推移，叶绿素含量呈下降趋势，且随密度增加，下降幅度增大；花后单茎干物质积累量和单茎籽粒产量亦随密度增加而下降，二者呈极显著负相关；随花后生育进程推移，剑叶SOD酶活性呈单峰曲线变化，可用二次曲线方程模拟，在花后1416 d达峰值，且随密度增加峰值出现时间提前，峰值数值呈先上升再下降的变化特征；随花后生育进程推移，剑叶MDA含量呈上升的变化特征，且随密度增大，数值变大；花后35 d剑叶SOD酶活性与花后单茎干物质积累量和单茎籽粒产量呈极显著正相关，而MDA含量与花后单茎干物质积累量和单茎籽粒产量则呈显著或极显著负相关。

In chapterⅡ, considering GLMMs data which the number of high units is different and the number of low units is small and unbalanced, we Conduct a series of simulations, the simulations show that regardless of the number of the level 2 units,the Bayesian estimate of random effects residual variance is more precise than PQL and the PQL estimation deviates from the true value seriously; In terms of the fixed effects estimates, When the number of level 2 units is 20, The mean and median of the Bayesian estimate is more precise than PQL,But With the number of level 2 units increase,the estimate of two methods is similar. Thus, in practical applications, we recommend the use of Bayesian method.

第二章针对不同高水平单位数，低水平数较小且不平衡的GLMMs数据，进行模拟研究，研究表明：无论水平2单位数的大小，贝叶斯方法随机效应残差方差估计值远比PQL法更接近真实值，PQL法严重偏离了真实值；而对固定效应参数估计值，当水平2单位数为20时，贝叶斯法各参数的均数和中位数均要较PQL法更接近真实值，而随着水平2单位数的增加，两种方法在估计固定效应参数时相差并不大，因而，在实际应用中，推荐采用贝叶斯法。

Male inflorescence pendulous, solitary in leaf axils toward base of branchlets or in paniculate clusters on lateral or subterminal shoots; flower solitary and scattered on rachis; perianth calyciform, 4-7-lobed or more lobed; stamens 4-7 or fewer, filaments slender; staminodes small.

托叶早落。雄花序下垂，叶腋单生向基部的小枝圆锥状簇生或在侧或上嫩枝；花单生和在轴上星散；花被calyciform，4-7 有叶或者更有叶；雄蕊4-7或者更少，花丝纤细；退化雄蕊小。

The survival rates of CEM cells cultured with cis-diamminedichicloroplatinum added 24 h later were higher than that cultured with hTERT ASODN and DDP added 24 h later. The survival rates of CEM cells cultured with DDP were similar with that cultured with hTERT SOND and DDP. In morphological observation of apoptotic cells using Giemsa staining, cells treated with DDP or DDP combined with hTERT ASODN ro SODN at 48 h, displayed classic apoptotic changes. Apoptosis rates of CEM cells treated with DDP for 48 h after 24 h of exposure to ASODN significantly increased. There was significant difference in the percentage of apoptotic cells of CEM cells between hTERT ASODN plus DDP and SODN plus DDP or DDP alone, respectively.

结果： hTERT ASODN作用于CEM细胞24 h再加入柔红霉素、长春新碱、足叶乙甙，对细胞生长的抑制分别与单用柔红霉素、长春新碱、足叶乙甙及hTERT正义寡核苷酸联合柔红霉素、长春新碱、足叶乙甙组相比，统计学上无显著差异(P＞0.05)。hTERT反义核酸作用于CEM细胞24 h加入顺铂，再共同作用48 h，CEM活细胞均数为2.318×108 cells/L，与单用顺铂组(3.250×108 cells/L)及hTERT正义核酸联用顺铂组(3.175×108 cells/L)相比，对细胞抑制明显增强(P＜0.05)。hTERT ASODN作用于CEM细胞24 h再加入顺铂作用48 h，细胞出现典型的凋亡形态学改变。hTERT ASODN与2.5 μmol/L顺铂联合作用于CEM细胞48 h的凋亡细胞百分率(19.47%)分别同SODN与顺铂联合作用组(6.97%)、单用顺铂作用组(6.02%)进行比较有显著差异(P＜0.01)。

It is more valuable in time series analysis than unstandardized principal analysis.2 Fourier Analysis can decompose a time series signal into different frequency components, which represent different seasonal mode.3 The Phenology characteristics extracted from multi-temporal NDVI data are used for a vegetation classification.

2傅立叶分析将时间序列信号分解到不同频率成分中，各个成分分别代表了不同的周期变化模式，其中1/12频率分量概括了植被全年的单峰的季节性变化模式。 3多时相NDVI数据的时间序列分析结果中蕴含了植被的生物学信息，利用这些信息进行遥感分类。

The leaf WUE of millet was increased when root cutting in seedling stage,and only the treatment of I2D of maize increased the leaf WUE; The biomass WUE of millet and maize were increased excepting the root cutting treatments of "TM" and "sl"; At the 80% field capacity, when the root was cutted more seriously and more later,the seed yield WUE of millet were dropped; While at the 50% field capacity, the seed yield WUE of millet was increased when the root cutting is moderate in prophase,and have no reduction of output or increase the production at the same time ,while the benefit of saving water didnt evidently at the later stage root cutting.

苗期伤根处理能够提高谷子叶片WUE，而玉米伤根后仅I2D处理的单叶WUE高于对照；除TM和sl处理外，伤根处理提高了谷子和玉米生物量WUE；在土壤含水量为80%田间持水量时，随着伤根程度的加剧和伤根时间的后移，谷子子粒产量WUE下降，伤根不利于谷子WUE的提高；而在50%田间持水量时，前期伤根量适度的处理在不减产甚至增产的情况下还有助于作物子粒产量WUE的提高，而后期伤根的节水效果并不明显。

With the growth progress, the P and pro in all tested leaves gradually decreased. The dynamic changes of Chl in leaves showed different patterns, with little changes at different assaying points in the lower leaf and a single peak curve in the ear leaf and upper leaf.

植株不同叶位P和Pro随生长进程均不断下降；不同叶位Chl的变化动态表现为下位叶在各测定时期之间差异较小、穗位叶和上位叶为单峰曲线。

No matter mono-cropping and relay-planting, the increase of nitrogen use could improve the SPS activity of spring-sown maize and high oil summer-sown maize at the stage of 20 DAA, but decrease those of normal summer-sown maize.

无论单作还是套作，增施氮肥使春玉米穗位叶花后20天的SPS活性增强，但套作时高氮却使穗位叶SPS略有下降；增施氮肥使普通夏玉米穗位叶SPS活性下降，高油夏玉米穗位叶SPS活性增加。

However,their effects upon the rice leafhopper,Empoasca subrufa Melichar,remain to be carefully investigated.Experimentswith adults were conducted both in the laboratory and in the field.The resultsmay be summerized as follows:1.Spraying with 25% DDT emulsion in 200-300 parts of water killed over90% of the leafhoppers,whereas in 400 parts of water,it gave an unstable kill-ing effect ranging from 75% to 90%.Dus...

田间使用 DDT 防治白翅叶蝉的残效期约为10—12天。666单独用来防治白翅叶蝉效果甚差，但与 DDT 混合使用有增效作用，残效期与单独使用 DDT 相似；二者混用是最合理的施用方式，可以节省 DDT 用药量，减低药费，同时对多种稻虫可收综合防治之效。25%DDT 乳剂和6%可湿性666按1∶1∶400及1∶1∶600混用，其毒效相当于单用 DDT 1∶200及1∶300者；用1∶1∶500喷射效果比单用 DDT 1∶300者还略高；5% DDT 粉剂和0.5%666粉剂按1∶1混用，其毒效也和单用5% DDT 粉剂相接近。

For the leaf area index of the three forest types, there was a similar variation trend, i.e ., increased first and decreased then, with the maximum presented in mid-July or August for Q. mongolica and J.mandshurica forests while in mid-August or September for F. rhynchophulla forest. The canopy porosity of the three forest types also had a similar variation trend, but opposite to leaf area index, being decreased first and increased then, with the minimum presented in mid-June, July, August or September. The analysis of variation coefficients of leaf area index, transmitted direct gap light, and transmitted diffuse gap light indicated that the spatial pattern of leaf area index in July-September was the main factor affecting the spatial distribution of transmitted diffuse gap light.

结果表明，3种林型的叶面积指数变化总体趋势是一致的，均呈先上升再下降的单峰曲线，蒙古栎林和胡桃楸林都是在7月中旬或8月中旬达到最大峰值，花曲柳林是在8月中旬或9月中旬达到最大峰值；3种林型冠层孔隙度的变化总体趋势也是一致的，呈先下降再上升的单峰曲线，不同样地峰值出现的时间也不同，最低峰值在6、7、8、9月中旬均有出现；通过对不同月份的叶面积指数、林下散射光、林下直射光的变异系数分析表明，7—9月叶面积指数的空间格局是影响林下散射光空间分布的主要因素。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。