单分子的

For most viruses,there is aneed for antimicrobials that target unique viral molecular properties.Acycloviris one such drug.It is activated into ahuman herpesvirusDNA polymerase inhibitor exclusively by HHV kinases and,thus,does not suppress other viruses.Here,we show that ACV suppresses HIV-1in HHV-coinfected human tissues,but not in HHV-free tissue or cell cultures.However,addition of HHV-6-infected cells renders these cultures sensitive to anti-HIV ACV activity.We hypothesized that such HIV suppression requires ACV phosphorylation by HHV kinases.Indeed,an ACV monophosphorylated prodrug bypasses the HHV requirement for HIV suppression.Furthermore,phosphorylated ACV directly inhibits HIV-1reverse transcriptase,terminating DNA chain elongation,and can trap RT at the termination site.These data suggest that ACV anti-HIV-1activity may contribute to the response of HIV/HHV-coinfected patients to ACV treatment and could guide strategies for the development of new HIV-1RT inhibitors.

对大多数病毒而言，都需要有针对其分子特性的靶向杀毒剂阿昔洛韦就是这样一种靶向药物在人疱疹病毒酶的特定作用下，阿昔洛韦被激活成为人疱疹病毒DNA聚合酶抑制剂，因此不能再抑制其它的病毒我们的研究发现阿昔洛韦在共感染人疱疹病毒的组织中可以抑制HIV-1，但在无人疱疹病毒感染的组织或细胞中无此作用然而，加入人疱疹病毒-6感染的细胞却使得其对抗HIV的阿昔洛韦变得敏感我们推测这种抑制作用依赖于人疱疹病毒酶导致的阿昔洛韦磷酸化实际上，单磷酸化的阿昔洛韦前体药物无需人疱疹病毒的参与即可抑制HIV此外，磷酸化的阿昔洛韦能直接抑制HIV-1逆转录酶，将其阻止在终止位点，从而终止DNA链的延长这些结果提示阿昔洛韦的抗HIV-1活性决定了艾滋病病毒/人疱疹病毒共感染的患者对阿昔洛韦的治疗反应，也有助于开发新的HIV-1逆转录酶抑制剂

ABSTRACT It is because that the excellent acceptors for maize transgenic engineering are insufficient in our country, especially in the southwest mountain areas of china and hereditary variation regularity for the two characters such as efficiency of embryonic callus induction and number of regenerating plant (these two characters were abbreviated to the nduction efficiency and number of regenerating in the following of the paper, respectively), which hint the maize culturing capacity, is not very clear. Therefore, aiming at picking out superior acceptors, we had made systematic researches on the two characters with combing traditional quantitative-character genetic analyzing methods such as single-factor genetic mating design, diallel crossing genetic design, genetic effect analyzing method and the modern molecular locating method such as QTLs'. The main results are followed.(1) 50 superior inbred lines and about 30 crosses in our country, especially in the southwest of China were used for identifying and selecting the superior genotypes in the above two investigated characters under the same culturing condition in 2000 and 2001. There was very significant difference among the genotypes in the both characters. But the two characters were not certainly related. Some genotypes such as 18-599 and 18-599 were very good in them. For some ones such as zong 31, induction was higher than 18-599 and 18-599 in the efficiency, but it was only 1/3 to the later in regenerating number. In some genotypes such as S37, R08, R15, P138, A318, induction efficiency was just about 3% and scarcely any regenerating plants were got. On the whole, hybrids acted better than inbreeds in the both characters.(2) Two kind of inbreeds were selected as parents of the Griffing's method 1. 18-599 and 18-599 and the inbred line zong 31 are one kind because they are not only superior in the characters of maize cross breeding, such as CA, resistance to disease and the important agricultural characters, but also excellent in transformation characters as the induction and regeneration.

针对我国、特别是西南山地所需玉米转基因工程育种优良受体极为匮乏和反应玉米幼胚培养能力的2个主要性状，即玉米幼胚胚性愈伤组织诱导率和胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数的遗传变异规律十分不清楚的实际情况，本研究从筛选玉米转基因工程所需要的优良受体入手，采用单因素遗传交配设计、双列杂交遗传交配设计、世代基因效应等传统数量性状分析方法，以及现代分子标记定位主效QTL分析方法，对玉米幼胚胚性愈伤组织诱导率和胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数等2个性状进行了较为系统的分析研究，取得以下主要研究结果：(1)于2000年和2001年通过对我国、特别是西南地区近50份优良自交系和近30个杂交组合，在相同培养条件下，对幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织诱导率和胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数等2个幼胚培养能力性状进行了筛选与鉴定，发现玉米不同基因型具有完全不同的幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织诱导率和胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数，但幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织诱导率与胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数并不具有必然的相关关系，有的基因型，如自交系18-599和18-599在胚性愈伤组织诱导率和愈伤组织绿苗发生数等2个性状都表现相当优异；有的基因型，如自交系综31，仅幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织诱导率性状表现高于19-599和18-599，但在胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数这一性状则与它们有相当大的差距，仅为19-599和18-599的1/3左右；有的基因型，如S37、R08、R15、P138、A318等玉米自交系不仅幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织诱导率很低，平均仅在3％左右，而且胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数表现也很差，基本上没有分化成苗。

His other contributions include relativistic cosmology, capillary action, critical opalescence, classical problems of statistical mechanics and their application to quantum theory, an explanation of the Brownian movement of molecules, atomic transition probabilities, the quantum theory of a monatomic gas, thermal properties of light with low radiation density (which laid the foundation for the photon theory), a theory of radiation including stimulated emission, the conception of a unified field theory, and the geometrization of physics.

的经典问题和它们的量子理论的应用，解释了布朗分子运动，原子跃进概率，单原子气体的量子论，地辐射密度的光的热性质，包括受激发射的放射理论，统一场论的概念和物力几何化。爱因斯坦写了多于50篇的科学著作，也包括非科学的书。1999年爱因斯坦被时代杂志封为&世纪人物&，一份有卓越成就的物理学家的民意测验封他为无论何时都是最伟大的物理学家。现代文化认为&爱因斯坦&和天才是同一个意思。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。