单分子的

The activities of carboxylesterase、glutathion-S-transferase and acetylcholinesterase per insect increase greatly and the properities of esterase and acetylcholinesterase change also throughout larval development from 1-day-old to 4th instar. The affinity for Asch and the sensitivity to insecticide of acetylcholinesterase in 3rd instar larvae are significantly lower than that in 4-day-old larvae.

幼虫从1日龄生长到4龄时，单头幼虫的羧酸酯酶、谷胱甘肽转移酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶活力急剧增长，4龄幼虫相对于1日龄幼虫，HJ-R、HD-S上述3种酶系的活力分别增长了148、172.6、65.6倍和203、60.9、77.4倍；生长过程中，全酯酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶的性质也发生变异，特别是从4日龄生长到3龄时，乙酰胆碱酯酶的米氏常数、双分子速率常数均发生明显的改变，3龄幼虫乙酰胆碱酯酶对底物的亲和力以及对杀虫剂的敏感性显著低于4日龄幼虫。

First, the preparation of l,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene, which l-chloro-4-nitrobenzene reacted with chlorine in a self-designed chlorinator, in presence of Lewis acid catalyst,.was investigated. By means of the Orthogonal Experiments design and single factor experiments, the influence of several reaction variables on the yield were examined and the optimum reaction conditions under the intervallic operation were obtained, the yield of l,2-diehloro-4-nitrobenzene was 83.26%.

为此，本文首先在自行设计的塔式氯化器中，以对硝基氯苯为原料，路易氏酸作催化剂，分子氯氯化合成3，4-二氯硝基苯(合成3-氯-4-氟-硝基苯的原料)，根据该氯化过程特征，利用正交试验设计方法结合单因素实验考察了有关因素对氯化过程的影响，优化得到了最佳的氯化工艺条件，3，4—二氯硝基苯的收率可达83.26％。

Papers is about emulsificaters for chocolate milk by Distilled Monoglyceride and sugar ester with different HLB.

以分子蒸馏单甘酯和不同HLB值的蔗糖酯为原料复配巧克力牛奶乳化剂，在比较其乳化效果差异的基础上，同时就各个乳化剂的成本进行比较，从而优选出乳化效果好、成本低廉、耗能较少的乳化剂投入实际应用。

The analysis results of crystal structure shows that the stoichiometric mononuclear Ni complex molecule C(subscript 37.5H45Cl2N10O12Ni was composed of two mononuclear Ni complex units {Ni[C35H33N10O](ClO4)2(CH3OH)2.5(H2O)0.5, Ni coordinated to the ligand to form hexacoordinated distorted octahedral configuration, and the orbital contribution and atomic net charge results has provided a good testimony for the coordinated condition in the crystal structure.

晶体结构分析表明，Ni单核配合物的化学经验式C37.5H45Cl2N10O12Ni的单胞中含有两个配合物分子{Ni[C35H33N10O](ClO4)2(CH3OH)2.5(H2O)0.5}，Ni与配位原子形成六配位的扭曲八面体结构。ab从头算所得原子轨道贡献和原子净电荷布居分析结果与晶体结构中的配位情况相符。

The molecular trees show the species is a basal group in Smilax phylogenetic tree, and is of a parallel origin with other groups: some species with single umbel and most species with raceme of umbels.

在分子树上，它是处于菝葜属内基部的一个类群，与其它类群(包括部分单伞花序的种及大部分圆锥花序的种)是平行起源的。

And, we selected some representative species of Collembola and representative groups of Protura, Diplura, Insecta and Arustacean to sequence and analyze their 18S rRNA completely gene sequences, 28S rRNA D6-D7 domain and nearly completely gene sequences to make the studies about the phylogeny relationships of the main families and orders of Collembola, discuss the questions such as the reliability about the new four orders system to Collembola, the monophyletic and ordinal phylogenetic relationships of them and the situation of the special groups, the phylogenetic relationships about Collembola with other groups and the evolution of Hexapod.

同时选取弹尾纲的代表种类和原尾纲、双尾纲、昆虫纲、甲壳动物等节肢动物部分类群，进行了18S rRNA基因全序列和28S rRNA基因D6-D7区以及近全长序列的测定、分析，对弹尾纲重要科属的亲缘关系、进化地位进行分子系统学研究，讨论弹尾纲最新分类系统中四目的确定性、各目单系性、四目的系统关系、特殊类群的分类地位，以及弹尾纲和其它类群之间亲缘关系、六足动物进化等问题。

In this work , 1,8-octodiol, the starting material, reacted with 40% hydrobromic acid to produce 8-bromooctan-1-ol, with the catalytic action of PPTs, its hydroxyl group was protected by 2,3-dihydropyran. Then it coupled with 1-heptaalkyne, by means of P-2 nickel as catalyst, stereoselectivity catalysis hydrogenated, with the catalytic action of acid to take off extremital 2, 3-dihydropyran which protected hydroxy group, then used PCC to oxidize alcohol into corresponding aldehyde.

以1，8-辛二醇为原料，与40%氢溴酸进行单溴代反应，得到8-溴-1-辛醇，在对甲苯磺酸吡啶盐的催化下与2，3-二氢吡喃反应，保护分子中的羟基，再与1-庚炔进行偶联，以P-2镍为催化剂立体选择性催化加氢，酸性条件下脱末端的2，3-二氢吡喃对羟基的保护，使用氯铬酸吡啶盐将醇氧化成醛。

Based on Bayesian statistics and quantitative genetic model of triploid endosperm traits, we proposed a Bayesian method for mapping QTL underlying endosperm traits, which used the DNA molecular marker genotypes of each plant in segregation population and the single endosperm observation of a few endosperms of each plant as data set to analyze endosperm QTL.

将贝叶斯统计原理和胚乳性状的数量遗传模型相结合，以分离群体中各植株的分子标记基因型以及植株上若干粒种子胚乳性状的单粒观测值为数据模式，提出胚乳性状QTL区间作图的贝叶斯方法。

In order to investigate the molecular genetic basis of grain qulity and find useful information for genetic improvement to grain quality, molecular maker linkage map was construct with DH population derived from "Nong xi110×Nong xi531","DH8×DH40"and"DH86×Shen 137"by SSR markers;then 83,38 and 44 DH lines were analysised and identified for grain quality;in the end quantitative trait lociassociated traits related grain quality were identified and analyzed in this study.

本研究利用SSR标记构建基于组合&农系531×农系110&(农单5群体)、&DH8×DH40&和&DH86x沈137&的分子标记连锁图谱，并对该三个群体的83个、38个和44个DH株系的籽粒品质性状进行了分析和鉴定，以探索控制籽粒品质性状QTL位点与遗传效应，为玉米籽粒品质性状的遗传改良提供理论依据。

In that conflict it hoped to subdue Hizbullah with air power alone, but its aircraft could not prevent the well-armed Islamist movement from firing thousands of missiles into Israel for the duration of a war that lasted more than 30 days.

在那次冲突中，以色列希望单靠空军力量征服Hizbullah，但是以色列的飞机未能成功装备良好的伊斯兰分子，在多达30天的战争里，针对以色列的飞机，他们发射数千颗导弹。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。