单分子的

Unfortunately, it has been shownthat these methods are not suitable to study about chemical bonds due to not involvingchemical bonds. In order to consider chemical bonds obviously, we have proposed an atom-bondelectronegativity equalization model on the basis of density-functionaltheory and electronegativity equalization principle. The main contents of our atom-bond electronegativity equalization model contain:(1)Considering the fact that there are varies of chemical bonds in molecules andpartitioning the molecular electron density as summations of atomic electron densitiesand chemical bond's electron densities, we obtained the basic equations of atom-bondelectronegativity equalization model: the expression of the total energy 〓, theexpression of the atom electronegativity 〓 and the expression of the bondelectronegativity 〓.

为了明确地考虑和处理分子中存在的化学键，以便能够更好地描述体系中的电荷分布进而准确地描述分子体系中的有关物理化学性质，尤其是与化学键有关的物理化学性质，我们在密度泛函理论和电负性均衡原理基础上提出了原子-键电负性均衡模型，原子-键电负性均衡模型的主要内容是：(1)考虑到分子体系中存在各种化学键这个事实，将分子空间看成是由原子区和化学键区组成的，将分子的单电子密度表达成为分子中各组成原子的单电子密度和各化学键的单电子密度的加和，从而得到了原子-键电负性均衡模型的基本方程：分子体系总能量〓和分子中原子电负性〓和化学键电负性〓表达式。

The miscibility, molecular interaction of the two components and structure of condensed mixed momolayers were investigated in details.

对不同组分的Ru2+3［简称Ru］与花生酸在纯水亚相上的混合单分子膜的相容性、分子间相互作用以及凝聚单分子膜的结构进行了研究。

We study the phase-separation and microstructure of the pure binary and trinary mixed LB and LS films of Dimyristoyl phosphatidyicholine cholesteroland sphingomylin deposited from pure water subphase by π-A isotherms and tapping mode Atomic Force Microscopy.

在本章中我们用这种极易溶于水的阳离子型聚合物PEI为一软垫，研究以此软垫为基底的不同生物分子和它们不同种二元及三元混合单分子膜体系在含PEI亚相上的相结构情况，初步的讨论了它们以云母为基底的IS膜和LB膜的微结构或者说是该软垫对单分子膜微结构的影响。

The surface pressure-area per molecule isotherm of 0.001molL^(-1) arachidic acid chloroformic solution at the air/liquid interface of pure water has been measured, and dynamic domains morphology of AA monolayer has been investigated via Brewster angle microscopy.

测定了花生酸的氯仿溶液在二次蒸馏水气／夜界面的单分子膜的表面张力与单分子面积的等温线，用布儒斯特角显微镜原位监测了花生酸分子成膜过程中单分子膜区域形貌的动态变化。

Specifically, itcontains 8 chapters.In chapter 1, the formation, structures, properties and the futureprospect of liposome were thoroughly reviewed;In chapter 2, the stibility and permeability of phopholipid -eleostericacid liposome were studied together with the effect of polymerizationof eleostearic acid. This membrane system was very sensitive to 〓,the effect of 〓 was clarified to increase the aggregation/fusion ofliposomes and made the permeability of mixed liposomes much higher;In chapter 3, two polymerizable conjugated diyne bolaamphiphiles were synthesized. They could form very stable mixed liposome, andthe diyne could be polymerized by UV light in bilayer liposomes, as aresult, the stability of mixed liposome against solvent or surfactantafter polymerization were enhanced. In chapter 4, two kinds of amphiphilic amino acids were synthesized andstable liposomes were formed therefrom After the condensationpolymerization of amino acid in bilayer liposomes, stable polypeptide liposomes were obtained, which had lower phase transition temperatureand higher permeability.In chapter 5, four kinds of glycolipids were synthesized and theiraggregation behavior in water was comparied. When incorporated intophospholipid bilayer membranes, they could increase the phase transitiontemperatures and inhibit the aggregation and fusion of mixedliposomesat lower temperature.In chapter 6 and 7, three kinds of steroidal bolaamphiphiles withdifferent chain lengths were synthesized. Incorporation of steroidalmoiety to the center of lipid bilayer membrane obviously increased themobility of lipid membrane and shifted Tc to lower temperature side incomparasion with cholesterol. The bolaamphiphile which was shorter thanthe hosted lipid bilayer membrane thickness influenced the lipid packingmore obviously.

全文共分8章：第一章对脂质体的形成、结构、性质及展望进行了较为详细的文献综述；第二章研究了磷脂-桐酸脂质体的稳定性，通透能力及桐酸的聚合对这些性质的影响；磷脂-桐酸混合脂质体为一类对〓灵敏的脂质体，〓的作用首先是使脂质体集聚然后使脂质体融合，并加速内包荧光物的释放；第三章通过合成两种可聚合共轭双炔双极性双亲分子DDCA，DDOL，研究了共双炔分子在双分子层脂质体膜上的聚合及对脂质体性质的影响，聚合可以提高脂质体相对于溶剂及表面活性剂的稳定性；第四章合成了两类氨基酸为极性基团的双亲分子，它们均可以在超声下形成稳定的脂质体结构；氨基酸基团可以在脂质体上进行缩聚反应，若聚合后脂质体表面仍有足够的亲水能力，则可得到稳定的多肽型脂质体；聚合后脂质体的相变温度降低，通透能力增加；第五章合成了四种亲水基团为单糖基的双亲分子GL-l，GL-2，GL-3， GL-4，研究了它们在水中的分散情况、集合体形态与分子结构的关系；在DMPC双分子层膜中加入糖脂分子可以使脂质体的相变温度提高，阻止脂质体在低温放置时的集聚与融合；第六章-第七章合成了三种不同碳链长度的双极性含胆甾环双亲分子 CL-1，CL-2，CL-3；它们可以象胆固醇一样与磷脂混合形成稳定脂质体，胆甾环基团位于脂质体双分子层膜的中间；与胆固醇的作用相反，它们可以增加磷脂双分子层膜的流动性，降低混合脂质体的相变温度；三种分子的作用与其碳链长度和磷脂双分子层膜的厚度有关，比膜厚度短的分子影响最大。

The best bets for ultrarapid, low-cost sequencing are single-molecule approaches.

对于超高速、低花费的测序最好的办法是单分子的方式。

Different forms of a single element are called isotopes.

一个单 分子的不同变化形式就叫做同位素。

Vacuum impregnation method was developed, in which the molecular sieve SBA-15 with a pore size of 36 ran was selected according to the size of the hydrated form of POM.

与此相比，利用较小孔径的分子筛SBA一巧(7 。7nln)作为载体，采用同样方法组装时，由于孔径的限制，POM水合作用的影响，POM在孔道内以单分子的形式存在，难以在孔道内形成纳米晶体。

The applications of SECM in interfacial electrochemistry were discussed in detail, especially. These applications include:(1) SECM were used to provide a means of characterising thin films, modified electrodes and conductive polymers in terms of structure and mechanism.(2) The catalytic activity of immobilised redox enzymes were studied by SECM.(3) Employed SECM to study of ions transfer, electron transfer and neutral molecules transfer at the interface.

主要包括：(1)研究化学修饰电极界面或导电聚合物薄膜界面，获得界面的结构和多相反应的机理等相关信息；(2)研究固定化酶，获得酶活性等信息；(3)研究界面上的电子转移和离子转移以及中性分子的转移；(4)采用纳米级的探头，研究单分子的电化学反应；(5)结合其它相关电化学技术，实现对单细胞活性的检测。

They are also looking at the conducting properties of single molecules – the ultimate in miniaturisation.

他们还着眼于单分子的指导性能-最终在小型化里。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。