单元

The invention is directed a patterned contact sheet and to a method of bonding a cover wafer to an interposer wafer using the patterned contact sheet having a waffle-like pattern of a plurality of ridges and plurality of wells to form a cover/interposer combination or unit that can be bonded to a substrate having a MEMs device thereon, the cover wafer, interposer wafer and substrate together forming a protective packaging for the MEMS.

本发明涉及在制造过程中保护临界表面的形成有图案的接触片材以及一种使用形成有图案的接触片材将盖子片粘合到插入物片上以形成盖子/插入物组合或单元的方法，所述接触片材具有华夫饼干状图案的许多脊和许多井，所述盖子/插入物组合或单元可粘合到具有MEM设备的基材上，所述盖子片、插入物片和基材一起形成MEM用的保护性封装。

The main work carried out goes as following:(1) The stiffness matrix of the 8-noded isoperimetric brick element with equivalent reinforcement membrane is carefully deduced.

本文的主要工作如下：(1)推导了带钢筋薄膜的八结点六面体等参数单元的单元刚度矩阵。

Most of the current finite element software packages treat it using the net-radiation method or absorbed radiation method based on the assumption of isothermal surface with uniform radiation heat flux,which brings the conflict between the precision and the quantity of grids.

进行了选用高阶单元、采用高斯积分精确计算单元表面变辐射热流方法的研究，从而摆脱了一致表面温度和辐射热流的假设，使得在相同网格密度的情况下计算精度大大提高；同时，从包含辐射换热问题的有限元计算方程出发，采用与有限元数值计算时相同的积分方案，只在独立的积分点处计算辐射热流，克服了积分方法计算效率低的缺点。

Four-node degenerated shell element and rigid shell element are used in our FEM model.Updated Lagrange formulation and rate form constitutive equation are adopted to solve the problem of large strain and large rotation in sheet forming process.Sheet metal material property is described by plastic anisotropy yielding model and isotropic hardening model.Master surface-slave surface contact model is used to define the contact between tools and blank.Contact constraints are enforced with a kinematic algorithm and friction stress is computed by Coulomb friction law.Dynamic relaxation method is used to treat springback after forming stroke.

四结点蜕化壳单元和刚体壳单元分别用来建立板和模具的有限元模型；更新Lagrange法和速率型本构关系被用来处理板料变形中的大应变和大转动；材料模型采用塑性各向异性屈服与等向强化模型；通过主从面模型定义板料和模具的接触，接触算法采用运动约束法，摩擦力用库仓定律计算；并利用动力松弛法对回弹过程进行了计算。

The paper builds finite element model of portal crane jib system using girder element, besides it presents its principles and process so that the foundation of this method is established. Besides, the paper builds the model in APDL which is easier to modify and administrate.

运用有限元分析软件ANSYS8.1对门座起重机的臂架系统建立有限元模型，给出了用梁单元建立有限元模型的原则和步骤，为今后用梁单元进一步开展门座起重机的有限元分析奠定基础，而且采用APDL语言可以实现参数化建模，对于模型易于修改、便于管理。

By using the GUI program, the user can deal with practical problem conveniently: soil space distributing, soils parameter; having or no water and water distribution, loads distribution and values; earthquake condition; start element of KEM; pointing out the elements which displacement should be known and the displacement value.

编制的图形用户界面程序能使用户方便地在图形界面下，按照菜单和对话框的提示，人机交互输入KEM土体极限分析需要的所有资料：土体的空间分布情况，各土层的土体参数，有无地下水以及地下水的水位分布情况，外荷载的分布及大小，地震情况，划分初始的KEM土体单元，指定需要施加虚位移的土体单元及与其相应虚位移的大小。

Boundary polynomial point interpolation mesh-free method and boundary radial point interpolation mesh-free method were presented, based on polynomial basis and radial basis respectively for transient eddy current analysis, and their interpolation shape functions satisfy the Kronecker delta function and the essential boundary conditions can be directly imposed on the boundary nodes. An example on analyzing transient eddy current of a square metal column was set to prove the validity of the proposed methods, and a comparison on accuracy between BPPIM and BRPIM was analyzed as well.

运用多项式点插值法和径向基点插值法构造形函数，推导了适合于工程电磁场瞬态涡流问题的多项式基点插值边界无单元方法和径向基点播值边界无单元方法，这两种方法的空间插值形函数满足Kronecker delta条件，从而强加边界条件可以直接施加在边界点上，以金属长方柱的瞬态涡流分析作为数值算例，证实了两种方法的正确性和有效性，并对两种基类的点插值法进行了精度分析和比较。

This is the column letter and row number, called the cell reference, of the current cell.

这是当前单元格的列标签字母和行标签数字，称为单元格引用。

The introduction first briefly reviews Western Europe\'s universal order of "recht" in middle ages: As independent political units, the city, the manor, the church parish, the ligeance and so on were set in a rank order, the relations between each rank were established in legal form, empire represented the highest rank, and simultaneously played an arbitrator\'s role, was the arbitrator of political units subordinated to the emperor. All of these ranks were placed in natural order created by God, thus, the Christianity religious doctrine had provided the final validity for the universal legal orders; then the symbiotic of the political evolution and the legal transformation will be discussed. Western jurisprudence resided in the Church during the middle Ages, after entering into modern era, resorted to the state."State" instead of "empire" became the basic concept of modem law, and new order of "recht" was bound to make legitimate argumentation for the nation; finally, the background and sketches of this article is explained. It will trace and analyze intrinsic evolution of the idea of legal order in the background of concrete politics--especially the geopolitics, inspects how the different nation-states split up from universal Christianly world and obtain their independence, inspecting differences of respective national path, the fit or unfit quality and the success or failure in this process.

导论首先简要回顾西欧中世纪大一统的法权秩序：作为独立政治单元的各城市、庄园、教区、领地等被镶嵌在一个等级秩序中，各个等级之间以法律的形式来确立相互之间的关系，帝国代表最高等级，同时扮演仲裁人的角色，是臣属其下的各个政治单元之间的仲裁者，而帝国等级又被安置在上帝创造的自然秩序中，因而，是基督教教义为大一统的法权秩序提供了最终的合法性；接着指出西欧政治演变与法权变革的共生性：西方法学在中世纪寄身于教会之中，进入近代以后则投靠了国家，"国家"代替"帝国"，成为近代法学构造的基本概念，新的法权秩序必然围绕民族国家展开；最后说明本文的论述方式和基本思路：本文将在具体的政治——特别是地缘政治——的背景中，追踪和解析法权观念的内在演变，由此进一步****不同民族国家内、异质的法权秩序如何从过去大一统的世界中分化剥离并获得独立，并试图检讨这一过程中不同民族道路的差异、优劣和得失。

With the assumption that electric field is constant within each element, the relationship of the degrees of freedom over each element is determined by introducing a local affine coordinate system.

在单元内部电场为常量场的假设下，使用局部仿射坐标架，确定出每个单元上自由度所服从的约束关系，由此导出对角化质量矩阵的公式。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。