单元

L. Hearn presented the concept of flow unit in 1984, its generation mechanisms and controlling factors have been studied in many aspects using different methods by researchers. There are some basic methods to do the research, and there are several concepts and classification standards about flow unit.

Hearn等提出流动单元的概念至今，许多中外学者从不同角度、用不同的方法，对流动单元的形成机制和控制因素进行过大量的研究，提出了若干理论和流动单元的划分标准，为油气储层的深入研究奠定了基础。

In calculation,adopt hexahedron elements、petahedral elements and friction elements.

计算中多采用八节点等参单元及少量的六节点五面体单元和摩擦单元。

It shows that the recent rapid decline on population and fragment of habitat leads to indigence in genetic diversity, and all three geographic units exhibits low levels of nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity. The average genetic distance among all haplotypes was 1.32%, and the genetic variation within and between regions were 99.31% and 0.69% respectively.

结果发现，大鲵近期种群数量锐减和栖息地破碎化以及遗传漂变造成了大鲵遗传多样性的贫乏；三个地理单元均表现出较低的核苷酸多样性和单倍型多样性，各单倍型之间的平均遗传距离为1.32％，99.31％的遗传差异发生地理单元内，仅0.69％发生在单元间。

A frequency divider, comprises: an inverting unit comprising an input, and an output; and a plurality of switch inverters in series, having at least a first switch inverter and a last switch inverter; each switch inverter comprising two inphase switches, in which the first switch inverter is connected to the output of the inverting unit, and the last switch inverter is connected to the input of the inverting unit; wherein the two inphase switches of each of the switch inverters are respectively supplied by a first voltage and a second voltage, any two of the adjacent switch inverters are respectively controlled by two inverted clocks, thereby the two inphase switches are selectively turned on synchronously and turned off synchronously.

反相单元包含输入端以及输出端；串联的多个切换反相器，具有至少一第一切换反相器以及最终切换反相器，每一切换反相器包含两个同相开关，其中第一切换反相器连接于反相单元的输出端，且最终切换反相器连接于反相单元的输入端；每一切换反相器的同相开关分别由第一电压与第二电压供电，任何两个相邻的切换反相器分别受控于两个反相时钟，因此该两个同相开关是选择性同步开启及同步关闭的。

The input and output unit is in charge of the input, output and distribution of the streams. While the mass/heat exchanging network unit defines the mass/heat exchanging connection, which can be described as operator for process integration.

输入输出单元中确定了流股的分配关系和输入输出关系；质量交换网络单元和换热网络单元确定了质/热交换过程，它们可以看成是集成算子，针对不同的集成规则可以建立不同的算子。

Generally, the distribution of interlay and insulating layer is relatively stable, controls the macroscopic movement of fluid.

研究表明，双河油田Ⅶ下单元储层以严重非均质性为主，隔层分布受扇三角洲前缘微相控制，活动单元以G类活动单元为主。

Experiment scheme has been designed for the test of composite material character gating and acquire the four critical values of strain invariants in strain invariant failure theory which are the basic data for finite analysis.

在有限元建模过程中，采用了非层合单元SOLID45，保证了铺层取向；在加载策略上，以单元的失效来控制载荷变化的加载方式，实现了通过载荷增量的动态变化来控制每一载荷步下失效的单元数量，形成较好的裂纹扩展路线，避免了在线性加载条件下构件的连锁破坏。

Two special cases are discussed: flow due to a constant pressure gradient and flow due to a periodic one; In chapter 4, on the basis of the method of fractional element proposed by Schiessel et al and of the generalized fractional element networks proposed by Xu and Tan and by the use of discretization method for solving the inverse Laplace transform, we obtain the creep compliance of Zener and Poynting-Thomson models which are composed of the generalized fractional element networks.

并讨论了如下两种特殊情形：常压力梯度下的流动和周期性压力梯度下的流动；第四章在Schiessel等提出的分数阶单元法和徐明瑜等提出的广义分数阶单元网络的基础上，应用离散求逆Laplace变换的方法，给出并讨论了广义分数阶单元网络Zener和Poynting-Thomson模型的蠕变柔量。

Based on the inverse mapping with linear deformation, the geometric mapping was used to carry out the second element transformation in order to avoid the abnormality of the stiffness matrix and to improve the stability and the convergence of the numerical calculations.

在现有线性变形逆向映射法的基础上，采用几何映射法计算变换单元，避免单元刚度矩阵出现畸形，提高钣金展开有限元逆算法的稳定性和收敛速度，对几何映射法与投影法所计算的变换单元进行了对比，数值计算结果表明用几何映射法计算的初始估算展开料形状更接近于最终的钣金件展开形状。

Using the Mindlin theory, the four-node finite element shell modal of healthy and damaged structure is formed; Using Green Function theory, the fluid around the structure is considered to be inviscid, irrotational and incompressible, and then the effect of fluid to structure is translated to the added mass matrix compared with global mass matrix using BEM.

基于Mindlin理论，本文建立了描述健康和损伤的四结点有限元板壳单元模型；基于Green函数理论，将结构所处的流体环境考虑为无粘、无旋、不可压缩的理想流体，推导了三维问题拉普拉斯方程的基本解，并利用边界元方法将流体对结构的影响归结为对结构整体质量矩阵的影响；针对各向同性损伤单元，采取刚度各向整体弱化的方法分析；对于各向异性损伤单元，采用Kachanov理论，引入了x和y两个方向的弹性损伤折减系数。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。