单元

At present, although finite element methods is a kind of effective measures in analyzing metal plastically forming problems with friction, dynamic friction in the process of metal forming is substituted with static friction and constant frictional force as one of independent constraint conditions is transposed to equivalent node-load or FEM unit is divided into contact unit and inner unit in numerous studys and applications, so that it result in relative bad accuracy and awkward operation. These defects mostly attribute to the fact that FEM bases on the variational equality principles, however frictional constraint will actually result in variational inequality energy functional.

目前，应用于分析金属塑性成形的有限元法是一种有效的处理摩擦效应的定量计算方法，但是许多应用和研究是用常摩擦来代替金属塑性成形过程中的动态摩擦；把常摩擦力作为单独的约束条件移置到等效结点载荷上或把有限元单元划分成接触单元和内单元，这些将导致解的精度相对不高及实际操作不方便等一系列问题，产生这些不足的重要原因之一在于它的理论基础是变分等式原理。

For example, the Dutch Stork company and several narrow drum business card printing and membership card equipment manufacturers have developed a new embedded subsystem, this system works is to flexo business card printing and membership card production system a snap-in of roller system and a printing plate cylinder with a group of rotary screen business card printing and membership card production unit in place, this new business card printing and membership card production unit equivalent to a different drum "" Nano-imprint lithography, due to still use the original UV lamp settings and registration control, so basically does not incur additional equipment for screen business card printing and membership card making and a combination of flexographic printing.

例如，荷兰Stork公司与几家窄幅卷筒制卡和会员卡制作设备制造商共同开发了一款新型嵌入式子系统，这种系统的工作原理是将柔性版制卡和会员卡制作系统里的某一个单元中的网纹辊输墨系统和印版滚筒用一组轮转网版制卡和会员卡制作单元代替，这一新制卡和会员卡制作单元的作用相当于另外一个"压印滚筒"，由于仍旧使用原先的UV灯设置和套准控制，所以基本上不会带来额外的调机时间，为网版制卡和会员卡制作与柔印的组合提供了便利。

Wayside ATP computing unit, CBI computing unit and carborne ATP computing unit are all based on the same fail safe architecture.

轨旁 ATP 计算单元， CBI 计算单元和车载 ATP 计算单元全部是基于相同的故障安全体系架构。

In addition, the algorithm has comprehensive potential application in computer graphics, computational geometry and so on. To fast and precisely select nodes and elements, some transformation functions which are implemented substitute the OpenGL's API functions, then facilitate dynamic interactive query.

为了精确、快速的选择节点和单元，作者通过对OpenGL拾取选择技术内部实现细节的深入分析，开发程序实现了一些变换函数，解决了OpenGL提供的API函数不能对节点单元的精确任意拾取的问题，并实现了节点单元的动态交互查询。

The approach of computational simulation is the finite element method.The whole research is combined by the following three parts. In part one, a program on quadtree method is compiled. It can automatically generate planar structures with all-quadrangular, good quality elements in high speed, and it can create data files on information of elements and nodes, which provide the foundation for finite element analysis. In part two, a program on finite element calculation is compiled by object-oriented method, During the simulation of fracture, the displacement and stress are calculated by the program.

本文的工作可分为三大部分：第一部分编制了四叉树法程序，通过它可对平面结构进行单元离散，快速自动生成质量较好的全四边形单元，并获得离散后的单元信息和节点信息，为有限元计算打下基础；第二部分利用面向对象方法编制了有限元计算程序，在破坏模拟过程中，利用它进行位移、应力分析；第三部分对脆性材料的破坏过程进行了模拟。

For some shortcomings of unknown quantity numbers in finite element method, QR-method establishes a transformed relationship between a unit node displacement vector and the entire framework of spline node displacement vector,making the structure of the total stiffness matrix, damping matrix, mass matrix directly superimposed in no need of finite element method in the first expansion after the superposition process. So the method greatly simplifies the calculation process and improves computing speed.

针对有限单元法中未知量数目很多的缺点，QR法建立起单元结点位移向量与整个框架样条结点位移向量的转化关系，使得结构总刚度矩阵、阻尼矩阵、质量矩阵可以直接叠加，不需要有限单元法中先扩张后叠加的手续，大大简化了计算过程，提高计算速度。

A rectangular finite element for laminated plate with bonded and/or embedded piezoelectric sensors and actuators is developed based on the variational principle and the first order shear deformation theory.

基于变分原理和一阶剪切理论，本文建立了一种新的机电耦合矩形有限单元，该单元具有四个节点20个位移自由度，电自由度为单元中的压电铺层层数。

A high-speed digital signal driver used in data communication system is composed of a main drive unit containing the CMOS inverters at preceding and final stages and a feedforward and positive feedback unit containing the CMOS inverters at the first and the second stages and the forestage CMOS inverter is said main drive unit.

本发明涉及一种用于数据通信系统的高速数字信号驱动电路，其包括：含有前级CMOS反相器和末级CMOS反相器的主驱动单元，含有第一、第二级CMOS反相器及所述主驱动单元的前级CMOS反相器的前馈和正反馈单元。

When the cell is configured for XOR XNOR MUX scheme,it can achieve the functions such as one bit full adder and base multiplier cell and so on for datapath application.

该单元采用功能增强的MUX结构，在配置为异或同或多路选择器结构时，只用一个单元的开销就可实现一位全加器、基本乘法单元等适于数据通路应用的功能。

Utilized the natural hollow structure of the haulm adsorption and package paraffin to prepare the storage unit,then adopted resin to bonding the storage unit to become a board,gained the resin basal body haulm adsorption paraffin power storage unit figuration phase change material.

利用稻草的天然空心结构，吸附包裹相变石蜡制作成储能单元，然后采用树脂将储能单元粘结成型，得到树脂基稻草吸附石蜡储能单元定形相变材料。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。