单倍的

Three statistical methods, Clark, EM and Phase algorithms, are widely used for haplotype reconstruction.

三种统计学方法，Clark，EM和phase算法目前被广泛的应用于单倍型推断的过程中。

Objective To establish a simple and effective technique for detecting haplotype and heteroplasmy of mtDNA, and investigate their frequencies in Chinese Han population.

目的 建立简单、有效的mtDNA单倍型检测及异质性筛查技术，并获取其相应的汉族人群频率分布。

This study indicatd that specific MHC class Ⅱ alleles or haplotype may confer the susceptibility or resistance to IMN in shanghei chinese hsn, which conformed and developed the theory that IMN had an immunogenetic basis.

本实验结果表明，MHC-Ⅱ类某些特异性等位基因和单倍型可能授与上海地区汉族IMN患者易感性或抵抗性，并与临床特征及病理类型有关，论证并扩展了IMN的发病机制存在免疫遗传背景的推测。

But in real-world , the data we have gained are always enormous as large pedigrees , and within them there are many uncompletely or partly missing genotype individuals ,therefore those methods are all out of power .

本文就是用来解决有缺失数据的多个家系的单倍型推断问题。

The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for genotypic distribution was estimated by the goodness-of-fit test. The UNPHASED program was applied to perform the transmission disequilibrium test, the haplotype analysis and the pair-wise measure of linkage disequilibrium between these 2 SNPs.

利用拟合优度χ2检验分析基因型分布频率是否符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律，应用UNPHASED软件包进行2个SNPs的传递不平衡检验、单倍型分析和连锁不平衡程度的测量。

Polymorphism of HLA-DQB1 promoter region in Hans IDDM patients and normal controls have been identified by PCR, PCR/SSCP and PCR/sequencing methods.No differences were found in y and s box between patients and controls carrying different allele as well as in different ethnic groups. There are two different sequences in x box,but CCTAGAGACAGATT sequence locates frequently on the haplotype with DQB1.0302 allele. Polymorphism between transcription point and y box (at position －44～-46 and －59～-61) might be associated with the genetic susceptibility to IDDM. Additionally,a new single base mutant (CACC→CAC A ) was found at position －131 and －128 in two patients carrying DQB1.0601 allele.

结果显示携带不同等位基因的患者与对照者DQB1 5'-调控区y、s box核苷酸序列相同，且与白种人基因结构一致；y box核苷酸序列存在二种结构，CCTAGAGACAGATT序列常常与DQB1.0302等位基因在同一单倍型；转录起始位点至y box间-44至-61位存在多态性，-59至-61位AAG等位基因可能与1-型糖尿病易感相关联；在2例携带DQB1.0601等位基因患者的-131至-128位间发现CACC→ACA A单个碱基取代突变。

Moreover, 13 ADHD specific haplotypes in contrast to worldwide population samples were identified by direct sequence of the exo 3 of DRD4 for 128 ADHD probands.

对DRD4基因外显子3和外显子4的序列测定表明在128个ADHD个体中发现了13个ADHD特有的单倍型序列。

Haplotype is a lineable combination of alleles at multiple loci that are transmitted together on chromosome or mitochondrion.

单倍型是指一条染色体或者线粒体上紧密连锁的多个等位基因的线性排列，作为一个整体遗传给子代。

The results revealed that design of primers was successful. The nomenclatures of alleles at 8 new Y-STR loci were successfully established based on allelic sequences according to recommends of ISFG.

单倍型变异度表明这8个丫STR具有较好的个人识别能力和非父排除率，能够较好地提高Y染色体遗传标记的个人识别和非父排除能力。

The wasp was 100 times larger than any single ant, and yet in working together with a large enough group of us, the wasp was pushed up a 90 degree incline and into the ant hill above for consumption.

黄蜂比任何单只的蚂蚁都要大上100倍，然而蚂蚁在一起合作中，把黄蜂推上90度的悬崖，并把它拉进上面的蚁丘里当作食物。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！