单倍体

Having a single set of chromosomes; haploid.

单倍体的有一副染色体的；单倍体的

Currently, widely application of this technology depends on the haploid doubling efficiency.

单倍体高效率加倍是单倍体技术能否广泛应用于育种实践的关键因素。

It facilitates the understanding of gene function for its long haploidy generation.as its morphological, chemical and physiological changes resulted from gene mutation or knock out are easy to be identified.

小立碗藓长期处于单倍体世代，对于遗传学研究来讲，单倍体植物基因突变或敲除所产生的形态或生理生化变化容易被监测到，这些使研究植物抗逆基因的功能极为方便。

UV and NTG mutant YT253 is screened from monoploid YT16, with selecting index hexokinase and ergosterol has increased 200% and 75% respectively.

将单倍体菌株YT253的呼吸缺陷型HXQ_4和耐45℃高温但产酒率低的葡萄酒酵母No.30-1的单倍体进行有性杂交。

The effects of different light quality (blue light, red light and mixed blue and red light) on propagation of young stem and taking root in Hetao honeydew melon are shown. In regenerative whole plants, domestication was taken and suitable transplanting condition was studied.

对形成的植株进行了单倍体植株的鉴定，同时对获得的单倍体植株进行了染色体的加倍和鉴定，获得了纯合二倍体，通过对获得的纯合二倍体经过田间比较和鉴定，筛选出了部分优良的单株和株系。

The results showed that the number of chromosome, which was from the cultured seedlings of meristem tip and the rank seedlings of meristem tip, was not altered, both the number were 2n=16,the hereditary stability of callus and regeneration plant was poor; and the variation percentage of chromosome in callus was 43.4%, among which haploid accounted for 6.7%, triploid accounted for 2.5%,tetraploid accounted for 10%,pentaploid accounted for 4.2%,hexaploid accounted for 3.3%,septuploid accounted for 4.2%,octoploid accounted for 3.3%,dysploid accounted for 9.2%;the chromosome variation percentage of differentiation seedlings derived from callus was11.7%,among which haploid was 6.7%,triploid accounted for 1.7%,tetraploid was 3.3%.

结果表明，茎尖分生组织培养的幼苗及丛生苗遗传稳定，其染色体未发生倍性变异，均为2n=16；愈伤组织及其再生苗遗传稳定性较差，愈伤组织染色体数变异率为43.4%，其中单倍体占6.7%、三倍体占2.5%、四倍体占10%、五倍体占4.2%、六倍体占3.3%、七倍体占4.2%、八倍体占3.3%、非整倍体占9.2%；愈伤组织分化苗染色体变异率为11.7%，其中单倍体占6.7%，三倍体占1.7%，四倍体占3.3%。

The development speed of gynogenetic embryos was later than that of the control group, and aneuploids were found in this study. The obvious improved survival of trochophore larvae with a peak at 40s UV exposure suggested the presence of a Hertwig effect in the gynogenesis of A. pectinata. When sperms were irradiated for 40s, the cleavage rate was relatively high (51.2%), the developmental rate of D-larvae became zero, and the rate of haploid reached the highest (36.8%).

经紫外线照射的精子受精后所产生的单倍体胚胎发育速度慢于正常受精所产生的二倍体胚胎，各照射组均出现非整倍体。40s照射组中卵裂率达到51.2%，D型幼虫发生率为0，单倍体率最高，达到36.8%，出现"Hertwig效应"。

The paper summarizes studies of in vitro inducement of haploids in cucurbitaceae, including anther culture, in vitro gynogenesis culture and induction of haploid obtained by irradiated pollen. The factors affectting in vitro inducement such as material genetype, medium, pretreatment, megaspores development stage and others had significant effects on the embryoids inductivities.

重点对葫芦科植物离体诱导单倍体的研究进行综述，包括花药培养、离体雌核培养、辐射花粉诱导单倍体培养等在育种中的应用，以及供体基因型、培养基、预处理方式、胚囊发育时期等因素对离体诱导再生频率的影响。

Haploid were obtained through spore culture and spore separation text of Saccharomyces uvarum diploid M-3 that can utilize the melibiose. One haploid with good quality was screened as the parent for the hybridization.

对能利用蜜二糖的葡萄汁酵母M-3进行生孢培养和孢子分离，得到122株单倍体，经筛选后得到一株性能优良的单倍体M-3-16，作为杂交实验的亲本。

It was confirmed that facultative apomixes is existed in coffee species based on emasculating treatment, cyto-genetic observe and SSR marker detection.

细胞遗传学观察发现咖啡四倍体类型材料(2n=4x=44)的多胚和多胚苗中含有天然的单倍体胚和单倍体小苗(2n=2X=22)；去雄处理后，可见子房膨大，其中5份材料获得了果实和种子，初步说明无融合生殖现象的存在；对小粒种品种间杂交F1代个体的SSR分析，发现多胚苗中存在与母本图谱相同且不携带父本特异带的后代以及携带双亲特异带的有性后代，表明子代有仅来自母本的无融合生殖个体分离出来。 3 建立了咖啡无融合生殖的分子鉴别方法。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！