单侧极限

In the fourth chapter we discuss the set of chain equivalent points of chain recurrentpoints,the set of unilateral γ-limit points and topological entropies of tree maps.

在第四章，我们讨论树映射的链等价集、单侧〓-极限集和拓扑熵。

Reinforced Mixing Pile which is made of two complementary material is introduced, which congeals in the water soil agitation the beginning of pile inserts certain length the core pile,forms the compound stress pile one kind of new pile,had the core pile participation, enhanced the pile body rigidity and the section supporting capacity,causes display which the water soil the limiting condition side friction and the pile body concrete material strength may coordinate balanced,thus obtains the high single pile limit supporting capacity.

劲性搅拌桩是在水泥土搅拌桩初凝前插入一定长度的芯桩，形成复合受力桩的一种新桩型，有了芯桩的参与，提高了桩身刚度和截面承载力，使水泥土的极限状态侧摩阻力和桩身混凝土的材料强度可以均衡协调的发挥，从而获得较高的单桩极限承载力。大量工程实践证明，该桩型具有承载力高、造价低、桩身质量稳定可靠、施工工艺简单和环保效益好等优点。

The primary studying works and characteristics:1 To summarize reinforcing theory of cement mixing pile composite foundation2 To analyze the primary mechanics characters and changing rules of cement mixing pile, based on analysis of test data both indoor and outdoor.3 To discuss siding frictional resistance, ending resistance, ultimate bearing capacity of simple mixing pile and effectiveness factor of grouped piles, loading ratio of soil between piles under cushion cap of grouped piles and stress ratio of pile and soil and so on, and use many computation method and experimentation method to ensure bearing capacity of mixing piles composite foundation.4 To point out and analyze eight sides flaws and problems of the bearing capacity calculation method of mixing pile compositefoundation which ensured by national and normative method/ formula.5 To apply test results of loading tests and a few settlement observation data, use gray theory to predicate ultimate bearing capacity of deep mixing piles, actual example demonstrate engaging between theoretical predicted value and actual value.6 To apply groovy layerwise summation method to discuss entity piles method, double foundation method, equivalent layerwise summation method and consolidation theoretical method and so on, especially by combination of engineering example, use FEM to calculate or discuss the settlement and changing rules of composite foundation.7 To discuss problems of critical length of composite foundation by combination of engineering example and numerical analysis method, and analyze the contrast of critical length between simple pile load and most area load of composite foundation, not only critical length of composite foundation is relative to modulus ratio between piles and soil, but also upside load distribution area of composite foundation.

主要的研究工作与特色为：(1)总结了水泥搅拌桩复合地基的加固原理；(2)在对室内外试验资料进行统计分析的基础上，系统分析了搅拌桩水泥土的主要力学特性及其变化规律；(3)探讨了搅拌单桩的侧摩阻力、端阻力、极限承载力及群桩效率系数、群桩承台下桩间土荷载分担比及桩土应力比等，提出用多种计算方法并结合试验方法来综合确定搅拌桩复合地基的承载力；(4)明确指出和分析了按国家有关规范的方法确定搅拌桩复合地基承载力所存在的八个方面的缺陷与问题；(5)利用过去没有加载至破坏阶段的载荷试验成果和较少的沉降观测数据，尝试了用灰色理论预测深层搅拌桩的极限承载力，实例表明理论预测值与实测值吻合较好；(6)在常规分层总和法的基础上，探讨了复合地基沉降计算的实体墩基法、双层地基法、等效作用分层总和法、固结理论法等，特别是结合工程实例，用有限元数值计算等方法计算和讨论了搅拌桩复合地基的沉降及其变化规律；(7)结合工程实例，用数值分析方法探讨了复合地基临界桩长的问题，指出和分析了单桩荷载下的临界桩长与复合地基大面积荷载下的临界桩长存在很大的差别，复合地基的临界桩长不仅与桩土模量比有关，而且与复合地基上部荷载分布面积有关。

Ultimate frictional resistance of the shallow leck for single pile can be obtained from the field loading test. The relationship between the ultimate frictional resistance and cone penetration resistance of the shallow leck is analyzed by comparing ...

通过现场静载荷试验比较了按现行规范计算单桩承载力和实测结果的差异，分析了浅层硬土中预制短桩的极限侧摩阻力，讨论了侧摩阻力和静力触探比贯入阻力的关系，所得研究结果可为今后相关场地的类似工程建设提供参考。

The capacity of single pile will enhance when the length and diameter of pile increases, but effect of pile diameter is more obvious. While pile diameter increases 20、40 and 60 percents, the capacity of pile will enhance 20.4、53.7 and 78.1 percents. And with the effect of mud-cake, the capacity of single bored pile will fall down nearly 20 percents, and pile-side resistance will also reduce 15 — 35 percents. In the centrifuge tests, when the relative displacement between pile and soil was 45 —85mm, which is much more than the criterions, the pile-side resistance will become most. Meanwhile the intenerated value of utmost resistance is close to the resistance in situ. In the pile group tests, the capacity of pile group , which the space among piles increases from 2D to 3D、 4D and 5D , will enhance 6.1、9.6、18 percents .

当桩径增加20%、40%、60%时，桩承载力分别增长了20.4%、53.7%和78.1%；在考虑泥皮效应后单桩侧摩阻力减小15～35%，极限承载力减小18%～24%，且减小率随桩径的增加而变小；试验中桩身侧阻软化值与原型桩实测侧阻软化值接近，且极限侧阻所对应的桩土相对位移试验要比规范值大得多，约为45～85mm；同时群桩极限承载力随桩距的增大而增加，其中桩距为3D、4D、5D的群桩承载力分别比间距为2D的群桩高6.1%、9.6%和18%；其承载力效应系数η接近或大于1，并随着桩间距的增大而不断提高；群桩侧摩阻力沿深度的分布与单桩略有不同，即桩身上部由于承台的作用，侧阻削弱，但桩身中部侧阻具有增加的趋势。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。