单一性

From the optically active 2, 2'-dihydroxy-1,1 '-binaphthyl, through esterification, Kumada coupling, bromization, hydrolization and Wittig elimination reaction, 2,2'-diethynyl-1,1'-binaphthyl was obtained.

从光学活性的2，2'-二羟基-1，1'-联萘出发，经过酯化，Kumada偶联，溴化，水解和Wittig消除反应五个步骤，成功地获得了具有单一手性的的2，2'-二乙炔基-1，1'-联萘。

Results The cases of this study account for 5.2%(184/3534) of primary bronchiogenic carcinomas and 14.5%(184/1265) of pulmonary adenocarcinomas that were admitted by PUMCH during the same period. The ratio of males to females is 1:1.24. 27.2% of the cases were discovered during health checkups, with no obvious symptoms. Because of its radiological features, BAC could easily be misdiagnosed as pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis or interstitial lung disease, and the ratio of the misdiagnosed cases is as high as 41.9%.

结果 本组病例占我院同期原发性支气管肺癌的 5.2 （ 184/3534 ），占我院同期肺腺癌的 14.5%（ 184/1265 ），男女之比 1：1.2 ，无症状体检发现者占 27.2%， BAC 影像学的表现易被误诊为肺炎、肺结核、间质性肺病，误诊比例高达 41.9%，综合治疗的疗效较单一治疗效果好。

The problem of statistical discission in finite mixing distribution model and linear model is discussed in this thesis,including:Firstly,in the aspect of hypothesis test,we mainly discuss the general homogeneous hypothesis testing problem.

现将主要内容概述如下：一、在假设检验方面，本文主要研究了正态混合分稚模型的同构性检验问题，也就是说，检验观测数据究竟是来自单一的正态总体，还是混合正态总体。

I found that the major distinction for gene duplicability in protein complexity is between hetero-complexes, each of which includes at least two different types of subunits, and homo-complexes, which include monomers and complexes that consist of only subunits of one polypeptide type.

结果发现，基因可复制性在异复合体（由两种以上的次单元所构成的复合体，hetero-complexes）及同复合体（单体或是单一种次单元所构成的复合体，homo-complexes）之间存在明显的差异。

By time-varying filtering, we realize the signal selectivity and interference suppression, especially for the signals with time-varying power spectrum. It is shown herein that conventional eigenstructure based methods are lower dimensional special case of the time-frequency subspace fitting method. The closed-form array response estimation algorithms for blind source separation in wireless communication is also developed in the dissertation by exploiting the data structure of second-order statistics of the array output in the presence of multipath. The proposed method achieves array response estimation with little constraint on signal property and propagation environment such as scatters or angular spread. Moreover, the array utilized here can be of arbitrary geometry and even uncalibrated. Since the closed-form solution is obtained, no misconvergency may occur and large amount of computation can be saved. The equivalent feed model and corresponding optimization designation are proposed to realize the downlink multi-user selective transmission. By coherent and non-coherent superposition of the electromagnetical field, multiple beams can be formed using a single array, so that each co-channel user signal is transmitted in each beam and will not interfered with each other. The proposed system scheme implements the digital beamforming and the channel allocation in the base band, therefore is suitable for the utilization of the radio software technology. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model are proved by the RF experiment.

在窄带条件下，GSC－SSF方法还可以提高阵列的虚拟孔径，从而提高估计的性能；可以证明，Cyclic DOA 和SC-SSF方法可看作该方法的特例或近似； 3、提出了二维GSC－SSF方法和宽带谱相关DOA矩阵方法，利用信号的循环平稳特性解决了宽带条件下二维 DOA 估计问题，并具有阵元数少、计算量较小的特点； 4、提出了时频子空间拟合和宽带时频DOA估计算法，将联合时频分析的理论和方法引入到阵列信号的空间谱估计研究中，利用时变滤波实现信号选择性测向和干扰抑制，特别适合于谱时变信号；可以证明传统特征结构法可看作是时频子空间拟合方法的特例； 5、提出了多用户环境下阵列响应的估计方法——CARE方法，该方法对信号结构和传播参数（主要是散射源分布与角度散布）的约束较少，适用于各种几何结构的阵列甚至未校准的阵列，能够直接得到阵列响应的闭式解，因此计算量小、稳健性好，不存在收敛问题； 6、提出了针对多用户下行选择性发送的阵列等效激励模型、优化设计方法及其系统实现方案，通过空间场的相干叠加与非相干叠加使得单一阵列能够形成多个波束，并保证各波束内的用户信号各不相同且相互干扰最小；其系统方案具有在基带实现数字波束成形、信道分配并便于软件无线电实现的特点，其有效性已得到外场实测数据的证实。

To the best of our knowledge, the relationship of surface acitivity of catanionic surfactant with temperature has not been revealed, and the catanionic surfactant has not been employed in organic reaction also.In this work, surface tensions of equimolar cetyl trimethylammonium bromide-sodium dodecyl sulfate at different temperatures were determined and compared with those of corresponding individual surfactants.

为扩展复配体系的应用，本论文选取等摩尔十六烷基三甲基溴化铵—十二烷基硫酸钠复配体系及它们的单一体系为研究对象，观察到随着温度的升高，CTAB及SDS表面活性变化不大，而等摩尔CTAB-SDS的表面活性显著增强，这是由于升温减弱了其强烈的静电作用，并通过溶解性实验结果进一步证实。

If each Guna is endowed with three characteristics, then each Guna should be capable of transforming itself into rupa etc. What more, then, is needed? Why is the combination of three Gunas necessary for the constitution of dharmas?

如果贪瞋痴三德型制单一性质的大等，那麼它们就会丧失其原有三德各自的种种特性，而这些特性又是它们的质素，此时也就丧失其原有的本质性（因为因质与性相是统一的）。

The results showed that sevoflurane was the most prevalent volatility halogenate anesthetics and had the highest concentration at sampling areas. All study hospitals exceeded the exposure limit for halogenate anesthetics (2ppm) recommended by NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health).The median level of N2O at the two medical centers was 1.87 ppm. Although regional hospitals seldom use N2O, its concentration was very high (median 120.85 ppm).

结果显示，Sevoflurane为使用最多之挥发性卤化麻醉剂，环境浓度亦最高，各医院均有高於NIOSH对於单一卤化麻醉剂暴露建议值(2ppm)的情形；医学中心笑气浓度之中位数为1.87 ppm，然区域医院虽极少使用笑气，环境中位数浓度高达120.85 ppm，有管路或开关阀泄漏之可能性。

Reaction of the ligand with CdI2 or Cu(NO3)2 afforded dinuclear monohelical complexes 1 and 2 equipped with the aromatic rings, and the complex interacted each other through cooperative C-H...π and π...π interactions to form homochiral 2D layer along ab plane.

配体与CdI2和Cu(NO3)2反应得到双核单螺旋化合物1和2，在化合物2中，由于C-H…π和π…π的协同相互作用沿ab面形成单一手性的二维平面。

However,it has been shown that these treatment regimens alone cannot inducecomplete tumor regression in weakly immunogenic tumors.

然而，对一些低免疫原性、高恶性的肿瘤，单一的免疫治疗策略并不能达到理想的抗肿瘤效果。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。