单-文化的

There was also not any haploid metaphases (n=16 or 19) was detected in hybrids. However, about 1-2% metaphases observed in this study was allopolyploid. GISH proved that they was made up of haploid genomes of M. nobilis (n=16) and triploid genomes of C. farreri (n=57). GISH was also employed to detect different chromosome components and identify donor chromatin in hybrids between C. farreri♀×A.

但我们检测到了约1-2%异源多倍体的分裂相，GISH分析后发现这些分裂相是由单倍的华贵栉孔扇贝的染色体和多倍的栉孔扇贝染色体组成，比如论文中图示了一个异源四倍体的分裂相，它是由单倍的华贵栉孔扇贝的染色体(n=16)和三倍的栉孔扇贝染色体(3n=57)组成。

In order to reduce calculation error, the frequency distribution of average values is used to compute the mixed distribution's digital features of each component distribution, thereinto, the number of the component distribution is determined by AIC, choose the number that meets the minimum value of AIC as the component number of mixed distribution, and the other parameters are estimated by EM algorithm; Secondly, because each component distribution is corresponding to a kind of major gene genotype, according to the values of the average and variance of the each component distribution, we can use the limit error of the normal distribution to plot each individual into the correspondent component distribution, namely into correspondent major gene genotype. Then we regard each major gene genotype as a treatment level of one-way analysis of variances, and the one-way multivariate analysis of variance is carried out to calculate the covariance matrix of major gene effect, covariance matrix of polygene effect, covariance matrix of environment effect and so on; At last, combining the weights of the each component distribution of mixed distribution, we can calculate the variance of major gene effect, the variance of polygene effect, environmental variance and the genetic gain of the quantitative trait.

为减小计算误差，本研究采用均值的频数分布来计算各成分分布的数字特征，其中成分分布个数根据AIC准则，选择使AIC值达到最小的成分分布个数作为混合分布的成分分布数，分布中其它参数的确定利用EM算法来估计；其次，每个成分分布对应一种主基因基因型，根据各个成分分布的均值和方差，利用正态分布的极限误差将每个个体划分到相应的成分分布中，即相应的主基因基因型中，将每种主基因型作为单因素方差分析的一个处理水平，对其进行单因素的多元方差分析，分别计算主基因效应协方差阵、多基因效应协方差阵、环境协方差阵等参数；最后结合混合分布中各成分分布的权重即各主基因基因型的分离比例，计算主基因效应方差，多基因效应方差和环境方差，以及遗传力等参数，进而计算该数量性状的遗传进展。

Giving two equal-intense stimuli which is higher than the threshold stimulus and whose intervals are longer than the single twich period, two independent contracting curve can be observed. Giving two equal-intense stimuli which is higher than the threshold stimulus and whose intervals are longer than the refractory period, an additive-contracting curve can be observed. Giving several equal-intense stimuli which is higher than the threshold stimulus, tetanus curve can be observed.

当给予两个等强度的阈上刺激，且刺激的间隔大于单收缩的时程，在计算机中可以观察到两个独立的收缩曲线；当给予两个等强度的阈上刺激，且刺激的间隔小于单收缩的时程而大于不应期，在计算机中可以观察到两个收缩曲线的叠加，称为收缩的总和；当给予若干个等强度的阈上刺激，在计算机中就可以观察到强直收缩曲线。

In this model, a parameterized method has been employed to decrease or eliminate vertical deflection and vertical refraction errors.4 For the long baselines of Crustal Movement Observation Network of China, using the GPS satellites orbits and stations positioning analysis software GAMIT opened up by MIT to do the single day GPS observation data processing, a synthetic solution model, which is called "the synthetic solution model of baseline vectors", has been built up with several single day baseline vectors calculated by the GAMIT software, to compute the three dimension movement velocities of sites.

对于长基线的GPS地壳变形监测网，采用MIT开发研制的精密GPS定轨定位软件GAMIT进行单天GPS观测数据的处理，提出了利用多期单天的GAMIT解算出的基线向量进行综合解算的模型："基线向量综合解算模型"，用以计算地壳监测站点的漂移速度，并通过实例验证了该计算模型的正确性和可靠性。

At the temperature as low as that at which the monomer cannot diffuse in large scale,adatom nucleation and island formation depends on the increase of adatom density.With the increase of temperature,the film growth mode depends on the competition between in-plane diffusion and inter-layer diffusion of monomers.

当薄膜生长温度低于单原子的扩散温度时，表面原子的成核和表面岛的生长主要是由沉积原子的空间随机性和表面原子密度增加而决定的，随着薄膜生长温度的提高，薄膜的生长模式则取决于单原子的层内扩散和层间扩散的竞争。

Lastly, based on analysis on phylogentic relationships among 39 ciliates combined with their main morphologic characters, some conclusion were drawn: 1 the monophyly of the peritrichs was strongly supported, and its subclass rank in the class Oligohymenophorea is reasonable; 2 the genus Epistylis might not be monophyletic, and the peristomial area, especially the peristomial lip, might be an important phylogenetic character within the genus Epistylis; 3 the taxonomic rank of the genus Carchesium and the genus Campanella were suggested to be adjusted; 4 Opisthonecta probably diverged from peritrichs with stalks; 5 the phylogenetic tree of peritrichs was reconstructed based on the molecular information inferred from SSrRNA gene sequences and the morphology.

测定了6科8属13种缘毛类纤毛虫的SSrDNA序列，将构建的最大简约树和邻接树与形态学相结合，分析得出：1）缘毛类纤毛虫是单系的，其分类地位是隶属于纤毛门寡膜纲缘毛亚纲：2）指出累枝虫属可能不是单系的，口围区是累枝虫属中重要的系统发育特征；3）建议调整独缩虫和聚钟虫属的分类地位；4）得出后游虫可能是由有柄缘毛类进化而来的类群；5）基于缘毛类反口区结构和SSrRNA基因序列提供的信息重建了缘毛类纤毛虫的系统发育树。

Demonstrating mastery in advanced harmony and developed breath control, these women will amaze you with tonality and resonance that suggests a deeper look into the oppression and humanity of this mystical land of the Rhodope Mountains.

这首单曲的推出更是将这个法国的二人新世纪乐队推至世界音乐的顶峰，以至于多少年后人们提起黑森林乐队时，津津乐道的仍是这支单曲，这也使得他们之后推出的专辑因无法超越早期的辉煌而反响平平。

The synthesization technics of MPEG- MAA was studied in this paper,which is an important intermediate used for preparation of polycarboxylate superplasticizer.

本文对制备聚羧酸系减水剂的重要中间体——甲基丙烯酸聚乙二醇单甲醚酯的合成工艺进行了研究，考察了反应时间、催化剂对甲苯磺酸的用量、阻聚剂对苯二酚的用量、反应温度及甲基丙烯酸与聚乙二醇单甲醚的用量比对酯化率的影响。

While some not very passionate industrial operations manufacturers may want to consider a trade nature of the business card printing and membership card-making enterprise, play to our strengths received outside the single, with overseas customers, tasks are distributed to other factories in the Mainland, particularly in the external add-in does not currently have an independent single-ability of manufacturers, to establish a sound working relationship.

也有部分不太钟情于工业运作的厂家可能会考虑转型为贸易性质的制卡和会员卡制作企业，发挥自己接外单的优势，专心跟海外客户打交道，生产的任务则转交给其他内地的厂家，尤其以目前没有独立接外单能力的厂家为主，建立一种优势互补的合作关系。

Automatic speech recognition always need a huge amount of computation and system resource, so it is difficult to apply ASR on a device with low computation capability such as mobile phone. We exploit the utterance and the characteristic of the Mandarin monosyllable - a consonant sound is short and instable and a vowel sound is long and stable, to propose a fast, simple ASR to classify speaker-dependent Mandarin monosyllables.

中文摘要语音辨识系统往往需要大量的计算与系统资源，因此要在较低计算能力与系统资源的装置透过语音来进行文字输入则较显得较为困难，本研究利用国语音节的读法及国语单音的特性─声母短暂且较不稳定而韵母占大部分的声音比例且较为稳定，提出一个训练快速、简单且具有一定辨识能力的国语单音辨识系统。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。