协调

Chapter Ⅶ Harmonious Development Mechanism and Management Pattern Formation of Urban System in Central Shaanxi Plain Firstly, three different view layers of macro, medium, and micro are adopted to study the relevant mechanism for developing urban system in Central Shaanxi; The macro layer mainly probed into the affect from government affair to urban development, reached the conclusion that whether government will rationalize and benefit the harmonious development will be largely owed to the government affair regulation and adaptive general planning system to fix on the urban construction aims and stresses on the foundation of speeding up mechanism and principle innovation; The medium emphasized analyzing the Industry assembling mechanism for harmonious development acceleration and regional distribution and cross-regional adjustment among economic zones from the two aspects of Industry structuring and regional economic spatial location; The micro analyzed the behavioral characteristics of the micro subject and its motivation effects in the urban system development from aspects of enterprises, non-governmental organizations and the public, and set up the compatible mechanism of its active stimulus and restriction.

本章首先从宏观、中观和微观三个层面入手研究了推进关中城镇体系协调发展的相关机制：（1）宏观层面重点研究了政府行为对关中城镇体系发展的影响，认为在不同制度环境下地方政府行为选择也是对其它主体行为选择的理性反应，但地方政府行为能否趋于理性化并有利于关中城镇体系的协调发展，关键还是在于尽快完成关中体制创新和制度创新的基础上，规范政府行为，建立有助于地区利益协调的宏观调控体系，并以此为基点确定了关中城镇体系的宏观调控目标与重点；（2）中观层面重点从产业组织和区域经济空间组织两个方面分析了推进关中城镇体系协调发展的产业聚集机制和各城市经济区的区内组织及区际协调机制；（3）微观层面从企业、非政府组织和公众三个方面入手。分析了微观主体的行为特征及其参与关中城镇体系协调发展的积极作用，并建立了促进微观主体主动参与的激励—约束相容机制。

The research results suggest that:(1)the factors influence the control of IOR including economic,social and technological factors;(2)the application of interorganizational systems should focus on both technological and non-technological factors;(3)the stronger dependency between organizations, the more effective of the IOS reducing the coordination costs;(4)usually the investment of firms in interorganizational relationship is reciprocal;(5)the appicaton of IT changes the dependency between organizations, which should modify the coordination mechanism, resulting in the change of IOR;(6)the coordination cost affects the effectiveness of coordination among firms;(7) maintaining the interorganizational relationship influences the firms'' network life cycle and matureness;(8)both coordination cost and network size of firms affect sharing mechanisn of the costs and benefits for creating and maintaining interoganizational relationship;(9) the influence of coordination costs to the allocation of super profits deriving from interorganizational relationship is depent on the network topology;(10) the core firm in a network prefer the symmetric network.

我们的研究成果表明：（1）影响管理与控制IOR治理结构的因素有经济因素、社会学因素以及技术因素；（2）在应用组织际信息系统时，要同时关注技术和非技术的影响因素；（3）当组织之间存在较强的依赖关系时，组织际信息系统的应用能够有效减少组织之间的协调成本；当组织之间的依赖关系较弱时，组织际信息系统的应用会加深组织之间被对方侵占的风险，无法显著地减少组织际协调成本；（4）在通常情况下，参与组织际关系的成员的投资是互补的；（5）IT的应用会改变组织间的相互依赖性，组织应调整协调机制，而协调机制的变化会改变IOR；（6）协调成本的大小对协调有效性有着很大影响；（7）组织际关系的维护影响组织网络的生命周期和成熟度；（8）影响组织际关系建立和维护的成本分担和利益共享方案的因素不仅仅跟协调成本有关，而且还与网络规模有关；（9）在对称网络拓扑结构与非对称网络拓扑结构下，协调成本对超额回报分配的影响是不同的；（10）核心企业倾向于选择非对称的网络结构。

The development process of the finite element method is introduced briefly,and the theoretic fundamentals of the quasi conforming element method is analyzed from generalized equilibrium equations,generalized compatibility equations and its weak continuity condition.

简述有限元的发展过程，从广义平衡方程、广义协调方程和拟协调元弱连续条件等方面分析了拟协调元的理论基础，说明了拟协调元是有限元发展的必然趋势，其做法就是广义协调方程的直接解，自然满足平衡对弱连续条件的要求。

The innovations and traits of this paper go as follows:(1) The threat and restriction mechanism on the coupling relationship between urbanization and eco-environment are discussed from theory.

其中，巴南区、渝北区和江津市属于耦合较强协调区：万州区、长寿区、涪陵区和忠县属于耦合中等协调区：武隆县、巫山县和丰都县属于耦合较弱协调区：巫溪县、奉节县、云阳县和开县属于耦合弱协调区。

Therefore, from the point of trade society, this paper studies the coordination conditions of several contracts among competitive supply chains by adopting Newsvendor model and game theory. The contracts considered include wholesale price contract, buy-back contract, revenue-share contract, quantity-flexibility contract and sales-rebate contract. According to this paper, trade society can coordinate enterprisers for more profit, acquire the modes of supply chains coordination and obtain the design approach of contracts to coordinate two competitive supply chains.

因此，运用Newsvendor模型和博弈论方法，从行业协会角度研究竞争情况下不同供应链间在批发价合同、回购合同、收益共享合同、数量弹性合同和销售折扣合同下的协调条件，可以为通过行业协会协调增加各方利润，提供协调供应链的具体方式，从而得到协调两条供应链的合同设计方法。

The method employs characteristic values such as hinge node voltage at dividing place between the large district grid and the provincial grid and tie line reactive power and so on as a coordinated variable of wattless control of the large district grid and the provincial grid, and real-timely calculates an optimal set value of the coordinated variable in the large district grid which is sent down to the provincial grid via wide area communication. In the coordinated control of the provincial grid, the method can not only realize the control object of original grid, but can also realtimely track the optimal set value of the coordinated variable given by the large district grid.

本方法选择大区电网与省级电网分界处枢纽节点电压和联络线无功等特征量作为大区电网与省级电网无功控制的协调变量，通过大区电网的无功优化，实时计算出大区电网中协调变量的最优设定值，该设定值通过广域通信下发到省级电网，在省级电网的协调控制中，除了满足本级电网的控制目标外，还实时跟踪由大区电网给出的协调变量的最优设定值。

Then on the ground of transit coordination theory, transferal infrastructure coordination of urban rail transfer station has been analyzed in aspects of procedure, goal and influencing factors, which are considered in the context of passenger characters, passenger flow features and temporal and spatial properties of infrastructure at transfer stations.

其次，论文将协调基本理论引入到城市轨道交通换乘站设施协调中，分析了换乘设施协调的基本步骤，提出了换乘站设施协调的目标，并从乘客特征、客流特点、换乘站设施时空服务属性三个角度提出了换乘站设施协调的影响因素，并进行分析。

The sketch and specific design approaches of mid-block street crossing are generalized and three management and control modes are discussed. Based on extensive investigation and survey, the paper analysis the arriving laws in different land-use condition and the traffic characteristics of different crossing entities under different control modes. The initial characteristic, the speed and dispersion of the mobile flow are also intensive studied, as well as the effect of mid-block street crossing. Establish the linear planning models on the coordination between the signals of mid-block crossing and intersection. Finally the evaluation of the model output is carried out from time saving results, safety, economic results and social results. Set the example of Taiping north road in Nanjing, surveying the traffic situation, applying the method of signal coordination between the mid-block crossings and intersection to realize the south-to-north signal coordination design. The evaluation results show the coordination plan are more superior to the current signal plan.

本文首先阐述了行人过街物理设施的概略设计和详细设计方法，讨论了路段人行横道的三种交通管制方式的设计方法和实用条件；其次，在充分的实际调查基础上，详细分析了不同用地性质条件下的过街需求的到达特性和不同交通管制下不同过街实体的交通特性，分析了进入路段的机动车初始流特性，并对机动车在路段中的车速特征、离散性以及路段信号控制人行横道对机动车流的影响进行了研究；然后，根据以上分析的过街交通和机动车交通的交通特性，建立了路段行人过街信号与交叉口信号协调控制的线性规划模型；最后，对模型输出的协调控制方案进行了效益评价分析，从时间效益、安全性、经济效益和社会效益四个方面，定量和定性相结合地对其实施效果予以评价；以南京市太平北路路段为例，根据现状交通状况，应用行人过街信号与交叉口信号协调控制的方法，对该路段由南向北方向进行单向协调控制设计，并进行方案效益分析评价，提出了优于现状控制方案的人行过街信号与交叉口信号协调控制方案。

The paper is organized as follows: First, we will give a brief introduction and history of the Human-Earth system and present the method to analyze the regional HE system using PRED model. Then, the indicator system is introduced for the PRED model. Third, the present HE system is studied in details. Fourth, the indicator system is analyzed. Finally, the solutions are proposed for the problems in Shannxi HE system.

本文通过五个方面来论述：第一，介绍了人地协调系统的含义、发展历程以及PRED构型；第二，建立了区域PRED的协调评价指标体系以及对区域人地协调系统进行分析的方法；第三，分析了陕西省人地协调系统的现状；第四，对陕西省的PRED指标体系进行分析；第五，针对陕西省人地协调系统存在的问题提出对策。

The paper makes a comparision of the application results from the different data reconciliations applied to a pulp balance model.

该文比较了浆纸平衡模型中，不确定模型的数据协调法，基于统计检验的协调法及用Matlab优化工具协调的应用结果，其中不确定模型的数据协调方法具有良好的适应性及数据协调能力。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。