协议

Primarily, the thesis assays the condition of network framework, the network was divided into three levels in terms of network management in order to establish the distributed method ,and still pointing out the intention and denotation of studying the Topology Discovery.Next, the thesis analyzes SNMP protocol minutely, including its development, principle, and the Network Management system that established on the SNMP protocol. Have analysed MIB in detail and the application way of MIB in network management .The thesis also assays the ICMP protocol, describing its working principle and the format of datagram minutely , and describing two important tools of ICMP- Ping and TraceRoute in detail. On the base of upper analysis, the thesis expounds a kind of distributed Topology Discovery project, and book it in one autonomy system. Topology Discovery was divided into two levels in terms of network management, and analyses the way of linking up between the two level. The thesis minutely assays Router-Level Topology Discovery technology basing on SNMP and Subnet-Level Topology Discovery technology basing on ARP and ICMP. According to these analyses, the thesis explores the specific methodology and the technology of XML data object which using the WinSNMP API to achieve topology discovering system on the development platform of Visual C++, and also analyses the technology of topology analysis and topology graph minutely. Moreover, the thesis assays the technology of basic firewall and Topology Discovery response strategy. Finally, the thesis analyses the underlying blind problem of the topology finding, and also analyses the reason that the blind problem produced and the way that reduced. The distributed algorithm that this paper puts forward has a certain directive significance in wireless network or other fields.

本文首先分析了网络结构状况，将网络从网络管理的角度划分为三个层次，为分布式的方法奠定了基础，同时还指出拓扑发现研究的目的及意义；接着本文分析了SNMP协议，详细分析了SNMP协议的发展状况，协议的工作原理，以及由SNMP协议基础上建立的SNMP网络管理体系，详细分析了MIB，以及MIB在网络管理上的应用方式；本文又分析了ICMP协议，详细描述了ICMP的工作原理和数据报格式，并详细描述了ICMP的两个重要工具-Ping 和TraceRoute；然后本文在结合上述分析的基础上，提出了一种分布式的拓扑发现方案，将拓扑发现拟订在一个自治系统内，将拓扑发现从网络管理角度划分为路由器级和子网级两个层次，分析了两个层次之间的衔接方式，同时从拓扑地域的角度将拓扑发现过程分布化，分析了分布式算法的具体方法和分布式结点之间的数据通讯方法，本文详细分析了基于SNMP的路由器级拓扑发现技术和基于ARP和ICMP的子网级拓扑发现技术；根据这些分析，本文利用XML数据对象作为分布式算法中的数据对象，分析了XML的技术，本文使用Visual C++开发平台实现网络拓扑发现系统，详细分析了使用WinSNMP API实现基于SNMP的路由器级拓扑发现和基于ARP的子网级拓扑发现，分析了使用Winsock编程实现基于ICMP的子网级拓扑发现，本文还对拓扑分析和拓扑图的绘制技术作了较细致的分析；本文最后还分析了基本防火墙技术，分析了几种类型的防火墙对拓扑发现带来的影响，以及在拓扑发现时的应对策略，本文还分析了拓扑发现中可能产生的盲点问题，分析了盲点产生的原因以及拓扑发现中减少盲点的方法。

To address this problem, a new method of security analysis of QKD protocols is introduced. Based on the equivalence attack model of QKD protocols which is refered to Biham's proving, the protocol is divided into two parts: the body and the attack, then a Petri-net model of BB84 is obtained, and a security analysis is followed.

为了简化量子密码协议的安全性证明以及建立一种通用的证明方法，基于Petri 网提出一种量子密钥分配协议的形式化分析方法，根据Biham 的等效对称化攻击模型，将协议分为主体模型和攻击模型两部分，建立了BB84 协议的Petri 网模型，然后对模型进行安全性分析，分析结果表明， BB84协议是无条件安全的。

Finally,with a view to improve problems that it is difficult to update the modules for protocol explanation embedded in network maintainment or test, we design and realize a protocol explanation DLL, taking the explanation of MGCP as a main objective.The application and test in Ethernet accord with the basic requests.The DLLs design idea and realization method may be directly used to develop explain the application for other protocols.

最后着眼于改善网络维护和测试中协议解释模块更新难的问题，以MGCP协议的解释为主要目标，设计并实现了一个协议解释器DLL，并在以太网中的应用测试基本符合需求，该DLL的设计思想和实现方法提供了对外接口，解决了相关应用的开发所要重新编译协议的麻烦，可直接应用于其他协议的解释。

This agreement is made and entered into on this date, shall obligate the undersigned parties and their partners, associates, employers, employees, affiliates, subsidiaries, parent companies, any nominees, representatives, successors, clients and assigns hereinafter referred to as"The parties" jointly severally, mutually and reciprocally for the terms and conditions expressly state and agree to below, and that this agreement may be referenced from time to time in any document, or written agreements, the terms and conditions of this agreement shall apply to any exchange of information written or oral involving financial information, personal or corporate names, contracts initiate by or involving parties and any addition, renewal, extension, rollover amendment, renegotiations or new agreement hereinafter referred to as "The Transaction"(Project/Transaction) for the purchase of all commodities, products, Equipment.

这一时期签定和开始的协议将对签定双方和其合作伙伴，联合公司，雇主，雇员，分公司，子公司，母公司，任何被提名人，代表，继承人，委托人和受让人具有约束力，下文将条款和条件中明确陈述并通过的具有连带的、共同的和相互的责任的称为&双方&，并且，该协议允许在任何文件或书面协议中被引用，协议中的条件和条款适用于所有书面的和口头的信息变化包括涉及财务信息、个人和企业名称、合同的起草和参与方以及任何的增加、更新、扩展、过渡、修订、重新谈判或新协议，以下所称&该交易&是指所有商品、产品、设备的买卖。

This agreement is made and entered into on this date, shall obligate the undersigned parties and their partners, associates, employers, employees, affiliates, subsidiaries, parent companies, any nominees, representatives, successors, clients and assigns hereinafter referred to as "The parties" jointly severally, mutually and reciprocally for the terms and conditions expressly state and agree to below, and that this agreement may be referenced from time to time in any document, or written agreements, the terms and conditions of this agreement shall apply to any exchange of information written or oral involving financial information, personal or corporate names, contracts initiate by or involving parties and any addition, renewal, extension, rollover amendment, renegotiations or new agreement hereinafter referred to as "The Transaction"(Project/Transaction) for the purchase of all commodities, products, Equipment.

这个协议被制做和输入变为在上这个过时将去有责任的在下面签署者聚会和他们的伙伴伙伴雇主雇员成员的补充母公司一些被提名人代表的继承人客户和让与财产在下文引去参考向同样&Theparties&共同分开地相互和相互地对于术语和状况明确状态和同意向下面和那个这个协议有能力被推荐不时在中一些关于的文件或者写作协议术语和状况的这个，协议将去适用于向一些，交流的关于的信息被写作或者口头涉及财政关于的信息个人或者社团的，名字与订的合同被传授了初步知识的人偏于或者涉及聚会和一些，增加，恢复，延长，翻车的，修正，重新谈判或者对是新协议在下文。

This Agreement and every provision hereof shall be deemed to be severable and, in the event that any paragraph is invalid or illegal, or shall be construed as preventing the formation of a valid binding contract between the parties of the Agreement, any such paragraph shall be deemed to be stricken from the Agreement, and the remainder of this Agreement shall continue to be in full force and effect as though such paragraph was not contained in this Agreement.

本协议和协议各条款应被认为是可分离的。若有任何段落无效或是不合法，或是妨碍形成对双方都有约束力的协议，该段落应该被认为从协议删除。协议的其他部分仍然有效。

This paper presents a new solution for the security transportation system based on TCP/IP routers, including such four novel technologies as identity-authentication protocol, state maintenance protocol, packet auto recognition and transparent packeting scheme.

以自行开发的高性能多协议路由器为背景，提出了一种基于TCP／IP协议簇的路由器安全传输系统解决方案，包括路由器身份认证协议、状态维护协议、普通—加密状态切换协议及数据包加解密自动识别和透明打包四项关键技术，并且将其与基于&加密器&的安全传输系统作了比较。

According to provisions of arbitration law, companying the disputes of the effectiveness of arbitration agreement in arbitration practice, this text covers and analyses the forms of the arbitration agreement, invalid arbitration agreement, the effectiveness of flaw arbitration agreement and propounding objection to the effectiveness of arbitration agreement.

本文根据我国仲裁法的规定，结合仲裁实践中关於仲裁协议效力易发生的争议，对於仲裁协议的形式、无效仲裁协议、有瑕疵的仲裁协议效力的认定、仲裁协议效力异议的提出等问题进行了探讨和分析。

If, after the signing of this Agreement, the Chinese government either at the State, provincial, municipal or local level adopts any new law, regulation, decree or rule, amends or repeals any provision of any law, regulation, decree or rule, or adopts any different interpretation or method of implementation of any law, regulation, decree or rule, which contravenes this Agreement or which materially and adversely affects a Party's economic benefit under this Agreement, then upon written notice thereof from the affected party to the other Party, the Parties shall promptly consult and decide whether to continue to implement this Agreement in accordance with the original provisions thereof as per the relevant provisions of the Contract Law of the People's Republic of China; or to effectuate necessary adjustments in order to preserve each Party's economic benefit under this Agreement on a basis no less favorable than the economic benefit it would have received if such law, regulation, decree or rule had not been adopted, amended, repealed or so interpreted or implemented.

如果， 在签署这个协议以后，中国政府或者在状态，省，市政或地方水平采取任一新法律，章程，旨令或规则，赔偿或撤销任一法律任一个供应，章程，旨令或规则，或采取任一法律的实施任一个另外解释或方法，章程，旨令或规则，哪些违反这个协议或物质哪些和有害地影响一个Party。。s 经济好处根据这个协议，然后在书面通知因此从受影响的党对另一党，党将咨询和及时地决定是否继续实施这个协议与原物符合provisions 因此正如每People。。s 中华民国的合同法律的相关的供应；或完成必要的调整为了保存各个Party。。s 经济好处根据这个协议根据依据没有较不有利比它会接受如果这样的法律的经济好处，章程，旨令或规则未被采取，修正，撤销或如此解释或实施。

This thesis discusses firstly the IGMP, describes the specification of the protocol and explains the differences between the three different versions of protocol. Then the RPF rule used by the router to forward multicast packets and the multicast forwarding tree are discussed. The process of building SPT and RPT is also illustrated. In this thesis, we also discuss the mechanism of Flooding and Pruning in Dense-Mode multicast routing protocol and the process of switch from RPT to SPT in Sparse-Mode routing protocol.

本论文讨论了实现IP组播的IGMP协议，对IGMP协议的协议规范进行了描述，并对IGMP三个版本的不同点作了详细说明；讨论了进行组播数据包进行转发的RPF基本原理、组播转发树的类型，并对SPT树和RPT树的建立过程进行了探讨；并分别对密集模式组播路由协议的扩散和剪枝机制、稀疏模式组播路由协议中的RPT树到SPT树的切换过程进行了详细的探讨。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。