协商

Mining giants were enraged by forced renegotiations of existing deals last year by governments in such places as Congo, Guinea and Mongolia and are now warier of making big investments in risky parts of the world.

去年一些地区的政府，如刚果、几内亚和蒙古，强迫对一些已存在的合约进行重新协商，矿业巨头们对此暴怒不已，因此目前他们在世界上有风险的地区进行大规模投资是更加的小心谨慎。

Shyam Saran, who heads India's international negotiating team on climate change, says that greenhouse gases are taking up "carbon space" in the atmosphere.

Shyam Saran是印度气候变化问题国际协商团队的负责人，他表示温室气体在大气层中占据了所谓的&碳空间&。

" So that the organised crime market will consolidate itself around Sinaloa," says Mr Buscaglia. They're hoping to negotiate a decrease in violence with that one group.

因此有组织犯罪市场仍将以锡那罗亚集团为中心得以巩固，&布斯卡里亚说：&他们寄希望于与这一黑帮集团协商以降低暴力犯罪。

Some analysts doubt this."The government's strategy is to focus on the weakest groups, so that the organised crime market will consolidate itself around Sinaloa," says Mr Buscaglia."They're hoping to negotiate a decrease in violence with that one group."

一些分析家却对此表示质疑，&政府的策略着重于最弱的黑帮团伙，因此有组织犯罪市场仍将以锡那罗亚集团为中心得以巩固，&布斯卡里亚说：&他们寄希望于与这个剩下的强势黑帮集团协商以降低暴力犯罪。&

Using of the data from interview and discussion forum to do discourse analysis, and also the theories of community of practice and sociation as the searchlight, to explores how the two kinds of members, proactive and ins and outs who have different contributions takes what he needs to enable both sides to continue online learning, and how, through dialogue and negotiation to collaborate and achieve their common consensus; before the decision-making process of co-authorship in the end of the activity, the bids between the two kinds of person reflected what kinds of power issues and values?

利用访谈稿和讨论区资料做言谈分析，同时采用实践社群和社型理论为探照镜，揭露参与心和实践力落差下的两类组员，守家者和断续参与者，如何各取所需的结合，使双方愿意持续上线学习；又怎麼透过对话协商，取得合作时的共识和默契；最后一周共同作者敲定前的喊价拉锯，组员们对彼此的向心力和贡献度下注解的历程，反映了什麼样的权力议题和价值观？

Meanwhile, in the framework of sociodramatic play, metacommunication, interpretation, explanation and clarification were the important ways to negotiate.

总括来说，幼儿在社会戏剧游戏的架构中，后设沟通、说明、解释和澄清歧异等方式，是幼儿用来进行协商的重要策略。

In what situation during young children's sociodramatic play involved young children's negotiation behavior?

中文摘要在本研究中，幼儿所进行的是以戏剧的模式为架构之自创故事的社会戏剧游戏，即是幼儿经过故事剧情的创造、角色的设定、剧情的排演与修正，道具与布景的制作的历程，并藉协商的策略来融合同侪间彼此对游戏内涵的意见，达成同侪对社会戏剧游戏的共识，才能够建构出一具有主题剧情、角色与道具的正式社会戏剧游戏，由幼儿创作社会戏剧游戏的历程可知，此研究的情境与一般幼儿自发性的社会戏剧游戏不同。

As the results, when young children in the context of sociodramatic play, what young children needed to do not only to gather the ideas, but also to challenge the personality and the role of teacher. And then, young children could present a special form of soiocdramatic play created by themselves.

由本研究的研究可知，在幼儿所进行的社会戏剧游戏中，幼儿不仅要集合众人的想法，协商并创造出社会戏剧游戏的剧情，其中更是要挑战幼儿个人特质以及老师所带来对於社会戏剧游戏的冲击，才能以戏剧的模式呈现幼儿独特的自创性社会戏剧游戏。

In the process of improvisation play, young children took the same strategies, like the rehearse for the show, to solve the different opinions. The researcher also found, no matter young children rehearse for the show or not, they might attempt to reach the consensus about the sociodramatic play.

在整个观察纪录幼儿进行社会戏剧游戏的过程中发现，不论幼儿是否在进行社会戏剧游戏的排演，他们都会试图以协商的策略来达到同侪对於游戏的共识，但是其中老师的角色以及幼儿个人的特质和能力，仍是影响社会戏剧游戏的发展与进行与重要影响因素。

The result of this study also showed the young children's improvisation play. During the rehearse for the sociodramatic play, young children could be influenced by outer affairs, and to form a new sociodramatic play.

最后一部分是即兴游戏的的开展，在幼儿进行社会戏剧游戏的排演当下，幼儿会被外在事物影响而偏离了原创故事的剧情，而另创一条即兴游戏的社会戏剧游戏，在发生即兴游戏的历程当中，幼儿所使用来解决异议的方式，与针对社会戏剧游戏三大要素的协商策略相同，亦是以后设沟通、说明、澄清等策略进行。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！