半音

The relationship of adjacent notes in all the previous scales is a whole-step or half-step.

从以前的标准看相邻音之间的关系是一个全音或半音。

When a minor or perfect interval is made smaller by a half-step, it becomes DIMINISHED

当一个大音程或者纯音程降低半音时，就会变成减音程

It's about the analysis of technique of harmony of the work. It mainly discusses the technique of harmony of twenty-four preludes. It includes the analysis of chord form, terminal chord, half-step chord, sustained note and modulation method.

最和声技法的分析是本文的主体部分，针对二十四首前奏曲的和声技法展开论述，以和弦形态、终止式、半音化的和声语言、持续音的偏爱和转调手法五大部分为出发点，力求多角度、全方位地对音乐作品进行分析和研究。

It consists of skills of deviating from the key and modulation,skills of a chord interlacement,and expending and appreciation about function of the chord subordinate,and skills of chord outer tone and harmony semitone.

本文对肖邦的《波兰舞曲》通过三个方面来分析，包括离调与转调技法，和弦交织、下属功能的扩展与升值技法，和弦外音、半音和声技法。

It explains separately the skills of the deviating from the key and modulation,the overlapping and interlacement of tune in deviating from the key and modulation to Chopin's《Polonaises》.Chapter three dissertates skills of a chord interlacement,and expending and appreciation about function of the chord subordinate in the《Polonaises》.

在肖邦《波兰舞曲》离调与转调技法中，对离调技法与转调技法，调性的重叠、交错分别进行阐述；第三章对肖邦在《波兰舞曲》中的和弦交织、下属功能的扩展与升值技法展开论述；第四章则是肖邦《波兰舞曲》的和弦外音、半音和声技法。。。

Movies most people will undoubtedly commendable movie clips are 1900 and Jelly Roll Morto Doo Guoqin part, especially the 1900 final concert of a "Perpetual Motion", this song all the black keys are playing the piano, and also is entirely chromatic playing, required very high skills in order to play the piano.

电影中最为人称道的电影片段无疑是1900和Jelly Roll Morto斗琴的一部分，尤其是1900最后演奏的一首"无穷动"，这首曲子全部是钢琴黑键弹奏的，也就是全是半音演奏，需要极高的钢琴技巧才能弹奏。

The part when 1900 was challenged by Jelly Roll Morto is the best of the film is agreed without quarrel. The climax is when 1900 played his last piece: enduring movement, a piece which is played solely on the black keys,(in other words half-notes), and require the best of skills in piano playing.

电影中最为人称道的电影片段无疑是1900和Jelly Roll Morto斗琴的一部分，尤其是1900最后演奏的一首"无穷动"，这首曲子全部是钢琴黑键弹奏的，也就是全是半音演奏，需要极高的钢琴技巧才能弹奏。

In music structure, through the contract of the musical form structure of this work and the typical classical concerto musical form structure, it summarized the inheritance of classicism concerto structure and the personalized innovation of national style of this work, and emerged Chopin"s inheritance in concerto creation and his innovative spirit in this area. In melody, by centering the elaboration on the vocal and colorful melody, it fully displayed Chopin"s unique artistic style and distinct romanticized characteristic in melody creation. In rhythm, with the analysis of the third music movement"s rhythm, we could learn the rhythm of mazurka which penetrated the entire music movement and which had typical Poland national characteristics, the national characteristics of the work, and the primary form of characteristic rhythm. Furthermore, it revealed the national essence and the origin material in Chopin"s works. At last, in harmony, from the aspects of linearity and the sound thought of semitone, the counter-function harmony proceeding in breaking traditions, the harmony technique in function-extended, the charm in detuned chord, the blending of sound rhythm and music situation, it analyzed and summarized the distinct romanticism in harmony arranging in the work.

音乐结构上，通过作品曲式结构与古典协奏曲典型曲式结构的对比，总结作品对古典主义协奏曲结构的沿袭和民族风格的个性化创新，展现了肖邦在协奏曲创作的继承和创新精神；旋律上，主要围绕作品旋律的歌唱性和色彩性进行论述，充分展现肖邦在旋律创作上独特的艺术风格和鲜明的浪漫主义特征；节奏上，通过对第三乐章的节奏分析，展现了贯穿整个乐章的具有典型波兰民族特色的玛祖卡节奏，阐述作品的民族特色，并追溯特征节奏的原形，进一步揭示肖邦创作的民族本质和素材来源；和声上，从半音化的线性和声思维、突破传统的反功能和声进行、功能延伸式的和声手法、音阶化的转调模进手法、离调和弦的色彩魅力等几个方面入手，分析和总结了作品在和声运用上新颖、鲜明的浪漫主义特色。

In this scale the seventh degree of the natural minor scale is raised a half step or semitone.

自然小音阶的第七级音阶升高半音。A小调和声音阶为A - B - C - D - E - F –升G - A。

The half steps occur between the second and third degrees of the scale, and between the fifth and sixth degree. Thus the natural minor scale of A minor can be played on the white notes of the piano from A to A.

半音介于第二级和第三级音阶间，第五级和第六级音阶间。A小调自然小音阶在钢琴的白键上演奏，从A到A。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。