半音

There is usually a 3rd -key added in the opening of the second theme, and sometimes a new theme is composed. Then, the subordinate key is reached before the end of exposition. 5 Silence of one whole bar is frequently utilized, which not only brings profound expressive significance, but also is important to the architectonics of these sonatas. 6 The harmonization in the variation, which is the method of applying different keys to the same melody, is handled in those Andante movements. By this way, the same melody appears in variable colors of harmony, which can not only avoid dull repetition, but also keep the lyrical nature and the completeness of melody. 7 Chromatic method is applied in the periods of development, and chromatic深层线条becomes the provident feature in some periods of development. 8 Atlas motive is put to use in c minor and A major sonatas, and a lot of "sigh" tones and c sharp minor are both preferred in those three sonatas. 9 The emotional factor of "wanderer" is the roots of thoughts for the intense conflict of music.

他通常在副部的开始加入一个三度的调性，有时再加入一个新主题，最后在呈示部结束之前到达属调； 5、较多地运用整小节的休止，使其不仅具有深刻的表情意义，而且在结构乐曲中起到了不可或缺的作用； 6、舒伯特在慢板乐章中运用同一旋律异调配置的和声变奏方式来构成音乐的段落，使同一个旋律在不同的和声色彩里闪现，既避免了单调的重复，又保持了旋律的抒情性和完整性； 7、展开的段落中习惯运用半音化的发展手法，半音阶式的深层线条成为某些展开段落的显著特点； 8、c小调和A大调奏鸣曲中都运用了"阿特拉斯"动机，三首奏鸣曲中运用了大量叹息的音调，并倾向于~#c小调的运用； 9、"流浪者"的情感因素是音乐强烈冲突的深刻思想根源。

"For a composition based on this atonal system, the composer arranges the 12 chromatic scale tones in a selected order, repeating no tone until all 12 have been used."

作曲家以一种安排好的顺序排列这12个半音音阶上的音，在所有12个出现前一个音也不重复。

The technique elements of the modern music existed in the piano accompany part of Chinese art songs in the first half of 20th century, such as modes-semitone system of Neo-Nationalism in Music, bicinium technique of Neo-Classicism, and free atonality of Expressionism.

内容提要：20世纪上半叶中国艺术歌曲的钢琴伴奏中存在现代音乐的技法因素——新民族乐派"调式半音体系"、新古典主义音乐"二部写作技法"、表现主义音乐"自由无调性"的某些技法特征。

Just as a waltz, mazurka or barcarolle is liable to dance out of one of his Ballades, Scherzos or Polonaises, a Nocturnes can suddenly sprout a miniature mazurka ---- for example, the C sharp minor Nocturne, no 20 here---- and such unexpected juxtapositions, like the strategically placed washes of chromatic harmony or shifts between major and minor keys have much to do with the music's sense of inhabiting those fugitive realms between sleep and wakefulness. One of the most haunting examples is op.

正如华尔兹，玛祖卡舞曲，或者威尼斯的船歌都是除了叙事曲，谐谑曲或者波洛涅兹舞之外易于舞蹈的流派，夜曲却能够突然现露出玛祖卡舞曲的缩影——例如C小调夜曲，NO.20——这样意想不到的并置，就像是在大调和小调之间刻意放置的对半音和声或音律变化的一种冲击，它与存在于那些半梦半醒之间稍纵即逝领域中的乐感息息相关。

Just as a waltz, mazurka or barcarolle is liable to dance out of one of his Ballades, Scherzos or Polonaises, a Nocturnes can suddenly sprout a miniature mazurka ---- for example, the C sharp minor Nocturne, no 20 here---- and such unexpected juxtapositions, like the strategically placed washes of chromatic harmony or shifts between major and minor keys have much to do with the music's sense of inhabiting those fugitive realms between sleep and wakefulness.One of t he most haunting examples is op.

正如华尔兹，玛祖卡舞曲，或者威尼斯的船歌都是除了叙事曲，谐谑曲或者波洛涅兹舞之外易于舞蹈的流派，夜曲却能够突然现露出玛祖卡舞曲的缩影——例如 C 小调夜曲， NO.20——这样意想不到的并置，就像是在大调和小调之间刻意放置的对半音和声或音律变化的一种冲击，它与存在于那些半梦半醒之间稍纵即逝领域中的乐感息息相关。

"Of, relating to, or based on the chromatic scale."

与半音音阶有关的或为基础的。

The modern white keys form a pattern of whole steps or whole tones and half steps or semitones between adjacent notes.

现代的白键构成一组全音和半音或相邻音间的半音。

Since the distance between these two points is 182 units, the fundamental frequency is fs/(182/5)= 16000/(182/5)= 439.56 Hz, which is equal to 68.9827 semitones.

在上述范例中，上图红线的位置代表音框的位置，下图即是 256 点的音框，其中红线部分包含了 5 个基本周期，总共占掉了 182 单位点，因此对应的基本频率是 fs/(182/5)= 16000/(182/5)= 439.56 Hz，相当於 68.9827 半音，其中由基本频率至半音的转换公式如下

He liked to use complex rhythm, changes of composed sounds, featured transition of semi sound and informal solutions to semi chords, all these are more out standing in his romantic lyric artistic songs.

他特别喜爱用复杂的节奏、和声变化，富有特点的半音过渡以及和弦半音的非正规解决，在他的爱情抒情艺术歌曲尤为突出。

I can tell the difference between a flat and a double flat notation.

我可以分别降半音符号与双倍降半音符号之间的区别。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。