半音

Row'.'' formed by the twelve semitones of the chromatic scale (and inverted or backward versions of the row).

种'。''序列音乐；使用半音音阶中的十二个半音形成的音调序列（以及这一序列的反向版本）。

A type of serial music introduced by Arnold Schoenberg; uses a tone row formed by the twelve semitones of the chromatic scale (and inverted or backward versions of the row).

由阿诺德·勋伯格引进的一种序列音乐；使用半音音阶中的十二个半音形成的音调序列（以及这一序列的反向版本）。

That the note relation in semitone and chords sequence gained attention and usage step by step along with the harmony chromaticism.

在和声半音化的进程中，半音中音关系和弦连接的性质也发生了一些变化。

The quality of note relation in semitone and chords sequence has been changed during the course of harmony chromaticism, and compared with the subordination status in classical harmony, they used more initiative in the modern music and contained more elements of chromatic tonality.

与在传统和声中次要位置相比，近现代音乐中的半音中音关系和弦连接的应用更为主动，也包含了更多的半音调性的因素，并且有了自己的概念与名称，不再是根音四、五度和声序进的附属，真正成为了一种独立的和声序进。

The quality of note relation in semitone and chords sequence has been changed during the course of harmony chromaticism, and compared with the subordination status in classical harmony, they used more initiative in the modern music and contained more elements of chromatic tonality. With its own conception and titles, not the pertain to the roots fourth or fifth chords sequence, the chromatic turned into a individual harmonic sequence itself.

与在传统和声中次要位置相比，近现代音乐中的半音中音关系和弦连接的应用更为主动，也包含了更多的半音调性的因素，并且有了自己的概念与名称，不再是根音四、五度和声序进的附属，真正成为了一种独立的和声序进。

The key of C has no sharps or flats, but F needs one flat to ensure that a series of consecutive notes starting on F forms the necessary pattern of whole steps or whole tones and half steps or semitones, with a half step or semitone between the mediant and subdominant.

带降号的大音阶开始于F，恰好是C下的第五级。C调既无升号也无降号，但是F调却需要一个降号以确保开始于F调的一系列音形成必需的一组全音和半音，以及介于中音和下属音间的半音。F大调，带一个降号，降B大调开始于第五级，有两个降号，以此类推。

Chinese composers and theorists have conducted great deal of exploration and systematic research on the "evolution of chromaticalization", which has been frequently used in the composition, but are considered by the theorists as chromatic chords, polytonality and pentatonic twelve-tone sequence, etc.. Seldom were the usages accounted for "chromaticalization" to which, consequently, little attention has been paid.

中国作曲家及理论家在对于西方音乐"半音化演进"方面做过大量的探索和系统的研究，"五声性半音化"在中国作曲家的作品中被频繁地使用，但大量的创作实践大都被理论家们总结为变音和弦、多调重叠以及五声性十二音序列等的使用方法，并没有从"半音化"的角度说明它们的规律，致使一直以来未引起人们的重视。

C to D sharp is an augmented second, with the major second C to D increased by a half step or semitone.

纯四度C到F升半音为增四度，大二度C到 D 升半音为增二度。

It has been four hundred years since the note relation in semitone music been appeared, and it become a chords sequence favored by modern composers from subordination status in classical harmony.

内容提要：半音中音关系和弦连接从出现至今已有四百多年，从传统和声中的次要地位，到近现代成为一种作曲家喜爱的和弦序进，半音中音关系和弦连接是随着和声半音化的进程逐渐得到重视和运用的。

It's a difficult piece to play, full of sharps and flats.

这支乐曲不好演奏，到处是升半音、降半音。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。