半径的

052 Describes and claims a body of polycrystalline dielectric ceramic material having a lead zirconate--lead titanate--lead stannate composition falling within the area A B C E F of the triaxial diagram 1d of the drawings accompanying this specification and containing at least one substitutional additive ingredient selected from the group consisting of elements having respective ionic radii sufficiently close to the ionic radius of one of the elements lead, tin, titanium, zirconium and oxygen to permit of substitution, and a valence state differing from that of said one element by less than three units, the aggregate quantity of additive ingredient amounting to from 0.1 to 5 percent of the replaced ion on an atom basis, each additive ingredient present in said material being in ionic form and substituting for a finite percentage of the ions of a particular one of the elements lead, tin, titanium, zirconium and oxygen with respect to which it conforms with regard to ionic radius and valence state, said additive ingredient replacing a quantity of said elements having in the aggregate an equal number of valence units.

参考译文：第 1012052 号专利说明书介绍一种含有锆酸铅，钛酸铅，锡酸铅的多晶陶瓷介质材料，其组成在说明书附图 ld 三元相图中处于 A B C E F 区域内，该组成至少还含有一种置换添加物，这种添加物从一组离子半径分别接近于铅，锡，钛，锆，氧的元素中选出，以利于互相置换，而与上述一种元素化合价之差应小于三价。该添加物的总量为被置换离子的 0.1%~5%克原子。上述材料中的每种添加物是以离子形式存在的，它以一定的百分数置换铅，锡，钛，锆，氧中的某一元素的离子。添加物在离子半径和价数上必须类似于上述任一元素，并且置换添加物的量与被置换的元素在总体上具有相等的化合价数。本句由两个简单句构成，一个主句，另一个是定语从句。

The following are the expressionsfor the mean pressure set up at the detection plate and for the time of the signal toprogagate from the radiator to the detector:这里是1个公式,省略） where Re is the real part of the expression appearing within the braces, 0 is the density ofthe medium, vo is the amplitude of the vibrational velocity, c is the speed of sound in themedium, d2 = I +(r/zcos 8, z is the distance between the emitting and receiving plates, B is the angle between the axis of the acoustic channel andthe axis of the tube, r = vro/c, v is the flow speed of the fluid, d is thediameter of the pipe, m is the circular frequency, k is the wave number,where a is the radius of the plate (this is taken as the same for the emitting and receivingplates for simplicity, but there is no difficulty in discussing plates differ~mg in radii),,~ is the vibrational frequency of the emitting plate, andThe triple sums in the expressions for N~ and N2 may be neglected if the flow speed islow, since the contributions for these become negligible.

以下是表达式平均压力为定于检测板和为信号时间progagate从散热器到探测器：（这里是1个公式，省略）假如再是出现在大括号表达式的实部，0是密度中期，沃是速度的振动幅度，C是健全的速度中，D2中=我+的导向8，z是对之间的距离发射与接收板，B是声之间的通道轴角该管的轴，R =中心内大多分为/荤，v是流体的流动速度，，D是管道直径，m是圆频率，k是波数，的其中一盘是半径（这是为重点，同样的发射与接收为le简单板，但没有讨论板的困难，在半径不同毫克），，是发光板振动频率，和在N的表达式的三重总结和N2可以忽略，如果流速低，因为这些变得微不足道的贡献。

Pitch is a combination number of a one-to-two ratio indicating the spline proporti******; the upper or first number is the diametral pitch, the lower or second number is the stub pitch and denotes, as that fractional part of an inch, the basic radial length of engagement, both above and below the pitch circle.

径节分数：径节分数是由两个数组成的一个比率，它表示的是花键的比例；设这个比率为A/B，则在这个分数中第一个数A表示的是花键的径节，第二个数B表示的是残余径节，径节表示的是在节圆上方的键齿在半径方向上的结合长度，残余径节表示的是在节圆下方的键齿在半径方向上的结合长度。

The result indicates that the output power oscillates and weakens along with increasing input power,and its oscillation period depends on the distance between the medium and beam focal point.Limiter′s limiting ability will decrease if waist size of the incident Gaussian beam and the aperture size increase.With a fixed input power scope,medium′s best limiting position will move towards the focal point if waist size of Gaussian beam and the aperture size increase,but the best limiting position will change a lot with different input power scopes.

结果表明：限幅器的出射功率随入射功率的增加衰减振荡，其振荡周期取决于介质相对于光束焦点的位置；限幅器的限幅能力随入射光束腰半径和光阑孔径的变大而减弱；入射功率范围固定，入射光束腰半径和光阑孔径增大时，介质的最佳限幅位置向入射光束的焦点靠近，但是在某些入射功率范围内会存在多个最佳限幅位置；光限幅器的箝位输出功率随光阑线性透过率的增加存在线性增加和非线性增加两个不同区域，实际应用中应在线性增加区域确定光阑孔径的大小。

This project studies the scale-dependent deformation behavior of the metal matrix composite, the void nucleation and void growth mechanisms at the micron/submicron scale. The main results are:(1) In prophase, growth and coalescence of the void embedded in the graded matrix are analyzed in detailed;(2) Based on the infinite solid model containing a micro-void, coupling effects of the void shape and the void size on the void growth are studied carefully, the results show that it seems to exist a critical equivalent void radius, which is associated with the material length. When radius of a microvoid is close to or smaller than the critical void radius, the micro-void growth rate is essentially eliminated;(3) The coupling effects of the particle shape and size on the mesoscopic stress fields within the particle and matrix are also investigated by introducing the conception of inclusion/matrix interfacial energy. The results show that the stress concentration factors within the particle and on the matrix/particle interface are also strongly size-dependent,so the void nucleation mechanism is size-dependent.(4) By employing a specific orthogonal curve coordinate frame and a 'kernel function' conception, a 'unified method'solving the spheriodal and spherical void problems is suggested; by this unified method, size-dependent plastic potentials of the porous materials containing the spheriodal or spherical voids are obtained, which extend the traditional Gurson model for the spherical void and GLD model for the spheriodal voids to the micron scale.(5) Based on the RVE model containing the spheriodal or spherical particles, the influences of the particle shape and size on the size-dependent mechanical behavior of metal matrix composite are studied.

中文摘要：本项目对金属基复合材料在微细观尺度下的尺度相关变形行为、孔洞形核及长大的机理和模型进行了研究，取得了如下主要结果：1）在前期研究中，探讨了基体的梯度分布对孔洞长大和聚合的影响；2）基于含孔洞的无限大体模型，探讨了孔洞形状和孔洞尺寸对其长大的耦合作用，结果表明：可能存在一个与材料特征长度相关的临界孔洞尺寸，当椭球孔洞的等效半径小于临界孔洞半径时，孔洞的长大受到明显抑制；3）通过引入基体/夹杂界面能的概念，分析了夹杂尺寸、夹杂形状对材料细观应力场的耦合影响，结果表明：颗粒内部和界面上的应力集中因子强烈地依赖于夹杂的尺寸和形状，因此，孔洞的形核机理是尺寸相关的；4）采用一种特殊的正交曲线坐标系和引入"核函数"的概念，"统一"地得到了含椭球和球形孔洞的材料的尺寸相关塑性势，它将传统的Gurson球形孔洞模型和GLD椭球孔洞模型推广到微尺度范围；5）基于含椭球和球形夹杂的体胞模型，初步研究了夹杂形状、夹杂尺寸对金属基复合材料尺寸相关力学行为的影响。

If the pattern has a low rate of convergence, the time of the human and machines will be wasted and the answer are not surely attainable.So,we must look for the patterns with the high rate of convergence or try to settle some parameters of the iteration patterns (for instance the overrelaxation parameter of SOR iterative method).

本文第二章针对AOR迭代法考察了当线性方程组的系数矩阵A为(1，1)相容次序矩阵且其Jacobi特征值为纯虚数或零时的迭代收敛范围，最优参数(即最优松弛因子和最优加速因子)及与之相应的谱半径，并将此最优谱半径与相应的SOR的进行比较，定量的给出在不同条件下，AOR和SOR迭代法各有其优越性，从而圆满的解决了在这两种迭代法之间如何适当的选择最佳迭代法的问题。

Results of estimation of effective parameters in heterogeneous show that: i Seff and Teff values evolve with time, as well as the principal directions of the transmissivity; ii Seff approaches the arithmetical mean of the field; iii Teff converges to its geometric mean at large time for the Gaussian random field we generated; and iv the averages of local T and S values within the cone of depression at early times differ from the Teff and Seff values.

研究结果在空间异质性孔隙介质有效参数的推估方法方面，显示利用传统抽水试验分析来估计有效参数时，从长时间的抽水试验分析所得的流通系数代表在抽水井有效半径内所有流通系数的某种平均值；此平均值与抽水井及观测井附近的地质有很大的关系，而且可能受到有效半径内地质异质性的影响，而储蓄系数的估计值变异很大与抽水井与观测井间地质的储蓄系数特性有关，特别是观测井的位置。

If the height of bump is higher, the radius of bump is smaller, and the thickness of wire , substrate and chip is thicker, the strain of package without underfill is smaller. If the height of bump is shorter, the radius of bump is bigger, the thickness of wire is thinner, and the thickness of substrate and chip is thicker, the strain of package with underfill is smaller.

在应变方面，较高的凸块高度，较小的凸块半径，较厚的线路、基板和晶片厚度将对未填胶构装体有较小的应变值；另外较矮的凸块高度，较大的凸块半径，较薄的线路，较厚的基板和晶片厚度将对填胶构装体有较小的应变值。

Analytical formulae are presented for the first time to describe the shift in the resonance wavelength of LPG in response to etching of the fiber cladding or a change in the external refractive index. The accuracy of the formula is confirmed by comparision with numerical simulations and experimental results. We demonstrated that the resonance wavelengths of an etched LPG are more sensitive refractive index than those of an unetched grating. The bending properties of long period fiber grating written in different type fiber are studied experimentally. The transmission peaks and the central wavelength of LPG change with the bending of the fiber. A new peak appears at the shorter wavelength when the fiber is being bent. The changes of the peaks are different for different photosensitive fiber. Those properties have broad application foreground in fiber sensors and tunable filters.

分别从理论和实验上对长周期光栅的折射率特性以及光纤包层半径对长周期光栅特性的影响进行了研究，首次给出了描述光纤包层半径腐蚀和外界折射率改变与长周期光栅共振波长关系的理论表达式，实验与理论和数据模拟的结果很好符合，利用腐蚀光纤包层的方法可以有效地提高LPG的折射率灵敏度；对不同光纤中写入的长周期光栅的弯曲特性进行了实验研究，LPG的透射峰形状及其中心波长随光纤弯曲而发生变化，并且随着弯曲将在短波方向出现新的透射峰，其透射峰的变化规律因所用光敏光纤的不同而不同，这一特性在光纤传感和可调谐滤波器方面有重要的应用前景。

Sothe half space problems and the composite material problemwhich has an inside straight boundary will be changed to thescattering problems which involve two circular cavities、acircular cavity and a circular lining as well as a circularcavity and a circular elastic inclusion to the incident steadyplanar P-waves respectively.

具体做法是利用一个半径很大的圆孔和一个半径很大的圆形弹性夹杂来分别代替半空间的直边界和双质复合材料中的内部直边界，将原来的半空间问题和带内部直边界的复合材料问题各自转化成无限大空间中两个圆孔、一个圆孔和一个衬砌以及一个圆孔和一个圆形弹性夹杂对稳态P波的共同散射问题。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。