半径的

The static model of torsion joint is based on that of bending joint. The effects of structure parameters inside air pressure, initial angle, rube average radius, rube shell thickness on the turning angle are analyzed and the following conclusions are drawn: the relationship between the angle of torsion joint and the inside air pressure is basically linear, the angle of torsion joint increases with the initial angle and rube average radius, the angle of torsion joint decreases while the rube shell thickness increases. The kinetic equation is built for torsion joint. Simulating experiment implies that the time of inflating and deflating process is extremely shorter than that of kinetic process. So the pneumatic process can be ignored in actual system design and control. The factors that affect the dynamic features of torsion joint, such as shell thickness of rubber tube, average radius, initial angle, connector's outlet area, moment of inertia and viscous damping coefficient, are analyzed and the following conclusions are drawn: the change of rube shell thickness has no effects on the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure while greatly affects the turning angle of torsion joint; when the rube shell thickness is small, the torsion joint has a bigger turning angle, no overshoot and long risetime, when the shell thickness is big, the turning angle of torsion joint is small, but has high response speed, overshoot and low shock; when the rube average radius increases, the turning angle of torsion joint increases and the overshoot increases too; when the initial angle of torsion joint is big, the turning joint is big, the overshoot is small and shock is low, but the risetime is big; the connector's outlet area affects the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure greatly, but has no effects on the dynamic process of turning angle; moment of inertia and viscous damping coefficient have no effects on the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure, but affect the dynamic process of turning angle greatly.

在弯曲关节模型推导的基础上，建立扭转关节的静态模型，并分析了扭转关节内腔压力，初始转角，橡胶管平均半径，橡胶管壁厚等参数对关节转角的影响，得出扭转关节的转动角度与充入FPA内腔的压缩气体压力之间基本呈线性关系，扭转关节的转角随初始角度和橡胶管平均半径的增大而增大，扭转关节的转角随橡胶管壁厚的增大而减小的结论；建立了扭转关节的动力学方程，仿真实验表明FPA的充放气过程与扭转关节的动力学过程相比时间极短，在实际系统设计和控制过程中可以忽略不计；分析讨论橡胶管壁厚，平均半径，初始角度，气体节流口面积，转动惯量，粘性阻尼系数等因素对扭转关节动态特性的影响，得出橡胶管初始壁厚的变化对扭转关节FPA内腔压力的动态响应几乎没有影响而对关节转角的响应曲线影响比较明显，壁厚较小时，关节可以得到较大的转角，并且转角的响应曲线没有超调，但上升时间长，壁厚较大时，关节转角变小，响应加快，但是有超调和轻微振荡现象，橡胶管平均半径越大，得到的关节转角越大，但是转角响应的超调量也随之增大，FPA的初始角度越大，关节的转角越大，并且超调量减小，振荡减弱，但是上升时间增大，管接头出口面积的大小对关节FPA内腔压力的建立过程影响较大，但对关节转角的动态响应几乎没有影响，转动惯量和粘性阻尼系数对FPA内腔压力的动态过程几乎没有影响而对扭转关节转角有较大影响等结论。

This article makes a detailed analysis of the definition of atomic radius and ionic radius, so that the two terms can be well understood and used in the course of teaching.

本文对原子半径和离子半径的概念进行了较为详细的讨论，以便在教学过程中更好的理解、使用原子半径和离子半径。

According to the results, the contour of cross section is related to the relative radius of punch; the maximum equivalent plastic strain is an increasing function of it and the ellipticity is a decreasing function of it.

研究结果表明，成形件的横断面轮廓形状与相对凸模半径有关；最大塑性等效应变是相对凸模半径的递增函数；椭圆度随相对凸模半径的增加而减小。基於研究结果，本文给出了相对凸模半径的设计原则。

The equations of the curvature, curvature radius, main curvature and main curvature radius on hypocycloid抯 and epicycloid抯 theoretical tooth shape and practical tooth profile are deduced respectively.

根据微分几何知识，分别推导出内、外摆线理论齿形和实际齿廓的曲率、曲率半径、主曲率及主曲率半径的方程式，并绘制了内、外摆线理论齿形和实际齿廓曲线及理论齿形的曲率半径变化曲线。

Rubberand drum at maximum force at A point of RADIUS R1 and minimum mechanical Department b. RADIUS R2 is different, rubber roller compression over C forms the convex hull, the radius of the highlast C is R3, point b is the radius of the lining of the RADIUS rubberand drum after three RADIUS R1 with the size of the change of Center distance drum to determine the ideal pressure: 0.5mm by Feller gauge or flattening of galvanized wire to precise tuning of two drums of hobber pillow gap, so that it is up to the required data.

橡皮滚筒在最大受力处A不面的半径R1和最小受力处B不面的半径R2是差别的，橡皮滚筒受不抬后转动在C处变成凹包，凹包最矮不面C的半径是R3，B不面的半径是包衬后的橡皮滚筒半径不一个半径的巨细的R1 用保留滚筒洋心距来猜测抱负不张力：用塞尺或0.5mm的铅丝不抬扁来大略不天调动二滚筒的滚枕间隙，使之符分规矩的数据。

We determine the bounds on the upperand lower orientable strong radius and strong diameter of graphs satisfyingthe Ore condition. Let G_1, G_2 be any connected graph, we present the exactvalue of srad(G_1×G_2), consider the relationship between sdiam(G_1×G_2) andr(G_1×G_2), d (G_1×G_2). Moreover, we determine the values of the lower orientablestrong diameters of some special graphs. Furthermore, we give the exact value ofSDIAM, a lower bound for SDIAM, an upper and lowerbound for SRAD and SRAD, respectively.

对满足Ore条件的图，给出了最小强半径、最大强半径的上、下界；对笛卡尔乘积图G_1×G_2，确定了G_1×G_2的最小强半径与G_1×G_2的半径以及G_1和G_2的最小强直径之间的关系，并进而确定了一些特殊笛卡尔乘积图的最小强直径的值，确定了SDIAM的值，SDIAM的下界，SRAD和SRAD相应的上、下界。

Results indicate that radial distance of the bushing from the rotor center and the radius of the hemispherical bushing significantly affect wear rate,and minimzing both two values will result in lowest wear for micro-rotor systems in MEMS.However,it is noted that the bearing radius sets a lower limit on the hemispherical bushing radius since the bushings are located beyond the rotor inner radius.It is desirable to reduce their effects on friction and wear on micro-rotors by regulating the radius of the bushing and the radial distance of the bushing from the rotor center within permissive range of micro-fabrication.Severe wear exists with increasing applied load and rotating speed of the rotor.Stress distributions in the contact region are different from Hertz solutions due to the convergence stresses apearing on the uncontinuous curvature line and the contact pressures display symmetrical parabola in the contact region.

结果表明：在MEMS微转子系统中，微转子轴衬偏心距离和转子轴衬半径影响线磨损率，以两者减至最小为较理想，但须注意设计中轴承半径的限制，并使轴衬偏心距离大于轴承内半径；在转子加工制造许可的范围内，可以通过调整转子轴衬的半径和偏心距离来减少摩擦磨损对微电机的影响，随着转子所承受载荷和转子旋转速度的增加，其磨损严重；接触区的应力分布不同于经典Hertz解，这是由于应力集中出现在不连续的曲率线上，且接触区的接触压力呈现轴对称抛物线状分布。

The results of bend loss measurements for polymer optical fiber composed of different cores and claddings are tes-ted.

测试了不同材料和纤芯半径的塑料光纤中弯曲损耗随光纤弯曲半径和弯曲圈数的变化规律，结果显示弯曲损耗呈现随弯曲半径增加而下降的趋势，纤芯直径越大，临界半径越大，弯曲半径小于临界半径时，弯曲损耗呈现指数规律。

We are all too familiar with tanned hefty young instructors trying to carve a 17 meter radius turn around a tree, riding a ski edge that is cut for a 12 meter radius. Since the edge cut restricts the turn to a 12 meter track, they usually hit the tree, unless they sideslip out of their carving rail.

众所周知，当健壮的年轻教练们要用12米半径的刻滑板绕一棵树刻滑出17米半径的轨迹时，由于板刃限制的刻滑半径为12米，通常他们会撞树，除非轨迹侧滑。

The anticlastic curvature caused by bending is 1700 times as long as the sagittal curvature, and the incident angle error is only 2.2 μrad. The Von Mize stress on the bender is about 806 MPa. When Beryllium-Cu is selected as the material of the bender, the linear relationship between the curvature of crystal in 0.57~1.72 m and the driving forces in 8~2.67 N is obtained.

优化后晶体因压弯产生的鞍形曲率半径约为弧矢曲率半径的1700倍，造成的人射角误差为2.2μrad；压弯装置上的最大平均应力约为800MPa，并由此确定了以铍青铜作为压弯机构的材料，晶体的曲率半径为0.57~1.72m和驱动力为8~2.67N时的线性关系。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。