半干旱的

This paper analyzes the main problems of agricultural development in the southern area of Ningxia province, summarizes the 20-year experiences of the experimental zone in the area, and puts forward four different models of eco-agriculture, fruit-vegetable model, fruit-seedling model, grass-fruit-livestock.

针对宁夏南部退化山区农业发展中存在的主要问题，在总结试区多年工作经验的基础上，提出了适合于当地农村经济发展的4种生态农业模式，系统分析了各种生态农业模式的经济、社会和生态效益及其推广前景，为半干旱山区退耕还林还草和农业可持续发展提供科学依据与实践基础。

Is a tropical steppe weather western region, the southwest department is the most blazing hot half of whole islandses hungriness region, dry and little rain.

西部为热带草原气候，西南部是全岛最炎热的半荒漠地区，干旱少雨。问题补充：尽量简单翻译，翻译得好+20加分

Under different stresses, we tested the expression of citrate synthase gene in rapeseed leaf by using semi-quantitative PCR. The expression of citrate synthase gene had no obvious change in stresses of salt, dark, high illumination, while was increased at different time in treatments of water logging, drought, IAA, and 6-BA. Interestingly the effect of ABA was contrary to that of IAA. In the treatment of sclerotium blight, the expression of citrate synthase gene was depressed. There was a saddle curve of citrate synthase gene expression in the treatment of gibberellin.

对油菜幼苗进行植物生长调节物质、高温和低温、强光照和弱光照、盐、菌核病、干旱和水渍等处理，采用半定量PCR法对油菜叶片柠檬酸合酶基因的表达模式进行检测，发现在盐胁迫、暗光和强光的处理下，柠檬酸合酶基因的表达基本没有变化；在水渍、干旱、IAA和6-BA胁迫下，其表达有所升高，但出现峰值的时间不同，ABA对表达模式的影响与IAA相反，感染菌核病后其表达降低；对GA3的应答呈鞍型。

The experiments with water as only limiting factor was designed to study the dynamics of size inequality in spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)populations and its theoretical basis.Of the three densitywheat populations,the skew of weight distribution of wheat plants increase with time,and the increase rate is the highest in high density population.

在黄土高原半干旱生态条件下设置了低、中、高3个密度梯度的以水为限制因子的实验，各密度种群个体重量分布偏倚度随时间的延续而增大，增大的幅度随密度增高而上升。

The eco-physiological characteristics of drought endurance of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica were studied under different climatic regions, soil water and leaf water condition.Furthemore,the response and adaptability of trees to water stress was done.The below showed the results. 1 The parameters of drought endurance of P. sylvestris var. mongolica was measure and studied by PV technology in the subhumid, semiarid and arid regions The results indicated the osmotic potentials at water saturation condition and at the initial loss turgor decreased as the climatic drought degree increased,and related linearly with the climatic moisture index.It was proved that the drought endurance of P. sylvetris var. mongolica was varible and the elevation of the osmotic adjust capability was a main way to the adaptation of trees to the drought climatic environment.

本文研究了樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)的主要耐旱生理生态特征在不同地区、不同土壤水分状况和叶水分状况下的变化，进而研究了樟子松对水分胁迫的反应和适应，结果如下： 1 应用 PV 技术对半湿润区、半干旱区和干旱区樟子松耐旱性指标测定研究指出，水饱和总体渗透势和初始失膨点总体渗透势随着气候干旱程度增加而增加，与气候湿度指标呈直线相关，证明了樟子松属于耐旱性可变的树种，渗透调节能力增加是其对干旱气候适应的主要途径。

ABSTRACT This dissertation, based on the theories of geography, ecology, economics, sociology and environmental sciences, has analyzed the impact of transition between cultivation and pasture animal husbandry on the mechanism of desertification in Kerqin Sandy Region, of which behavior mechanism of local people was emphasized. The changing direction of integrated land desertification control strategy in semi-arid regions was discussed after having explored the primary reasons of estrepement, overgrazing and excessive firewood gathering. Followings are the main research works having been done.

本文选取科尔沁沙地作为研究区域，以两种最主要的土地利用方式、也是两种最主要的生产方式——农、牧业作为研究对象，依据地理学、生态学、经济学、社会学与环境科学的基本理论与方法，基于现有研究资料的系统整合，结合野外调查的结果，从更加综合的角度，来研究农、牧业选择变化对沙漠化过程的影响机理，从农、牧业选择变化的角度来揭示&滥垦、滥牧、滥樵&的本质，进而寻求中国北方半干旱地区生态环境综合整治的对策。

In wetter habitats, forbs were more abundant and accounted for the majority of aboveground biomass, whereas grasses became more important in dryer habitats. Shrubs and sub-shrubs increased with decreasing soil water availability and their relative biomass rapidly increased in degraded steppe and sand dune; perennial grasses had significantly higherδ〓C values than other PFGs; the δ〓C values of perennial grasses and forbs increased with decreasing soil water availability, while those of shrubs/sub-shrubs showed an inverse trend.

在较湿润生境，多年生杂类草更加丰富并构成了群落地上生物量的绝大部分；而在较干旱生境下，多年生禾草在群落中起更重要的作用；随着土壤含水量下降，灌木和半灌木逐渐增多，且在退化草地和沙地中其相对生物量迅速增加；多年生禾草δ〓C值显著高于其它功能群；随着土壤水分可利用性降低，多年生禾草和杂类草的δ〓C值表现出增加的趋势，而灌木/半灌木则表现出相反的趋势。

From 6860 to 3170 cal.yr BP,semi-desert steppeexpanded,regional montane forest steppe retreated,suggesting a prolonged warm and dryclimate.Between 3170 and 2340 cal.yr BP,regional forest steppe expanded whereassemi-desert steppe retreated,indicating the climate became cool and wet gradually and thehumidity reached the maximum at the end of this stage.During 2340～1600 cal.yr BP,Poaceae steppe dominated whereas wetland meadow expanded and the montane forest stepperetreated,suggesting a cool and wet climate prevailed,wormwood grass steppe prevailed andthe climatic instability increased after 1600 cal.a BEThe climate and environmental reconstructions by pollen were supported by the diatomrecords.A relative high lake level and moister climate prevailed between 8660 and 7230 cal.yr BP as inferred by the dominance of planktonic diatom genera and high planktonic/benthicratio (〉40).low lake level and dry climate sustained during 7230～2330 cal.yr BP assuggested by the low abundance of planktonic diatom and low planktonic/benthic ratio ～20and the lake returned to high level during 2330～930 cal.yr BP as inferred by there-dominance of the planktonic diatom and the high value of palnktonic/benthic ratio.The pollen-based climate reconstruction was also consolidated by the grain size andPediastrum concentration records.

Ugii Nuur湖周围现代孢粉研究表明：松属为空气传播的外来花粉，其含量变化可能指示了远山森林草原发育状况；禾本科具显著低代表性，母体植物建群时含量通常在10％以下：藜科花粉含量可以指示区域气候干旱程度。2、以现代孢粉研究为基础、可靠AMS~(14)C年代为框架，Ugii Nuur孢粉记录高分辨率地重建了蒙古国中部地区过去8660 cal.yr BP以来的植被和气候变化。8660～7800 cal.yr BP研究区植被为禾草草原，湖畔及河谷低地发育苔草草甸，远山发育松属针叶林和森林草原，气候温和略湿润；其中8350～8250 cal.yr BP湿生草甸扩张，旱生植物成分减少，气候凉湿。7800～6860 cal.yr BP旱生成分增加，气候转向暖干。6860～3170 cal.yrBP半荒漠草原扩张，远山森林草原退缩，山地草原和河谷及湖畔湿生草甸退缩，气候持续暖干。3170～2340 cal.yr BP半荒漠草原退缩，远山森林草原扩张，气候转凉变湿，末期湿度条件达最佳。2340～1600 cal.yr BP禾草草原发育，湖畔及河谷低地湿生草甸扩张，远山森林草原略有退缩，气候总体较凉湿。1600 cal.yr BP以来研究区发育禾草-冷蒿草原，气候波动较大。

We have studied the greenhouse's celery water requirement volume, water requirement rule, the relationship between output and water consumption during the winter, the irrigation scheme of the greenhouse's celery in the semi-arid region of northeast China, the influence of different waterings on celery's growth and yield in various periods.

研究了冬季温室芹菜需水量、需水规律、产量与耗水量的关系。对东北半干旱地区日光温室芹菜进行了灌溉制度的研究。研究不同生育期的不同灌水量对芹菜生育性状及产量的影响。

In ecological fragile zone in arid and semi-arid area of Inner Mongolia, the ecological forest net works were constructed by afforestation in drought sun slope of Daqingshan mountain ,along highway and of shelter belt in farm land.

在内蒙古干旱、半干旱区生态脆弱带，通过对内蒙古大青山干旱阳坡、绿色通道和山前冲积、洪积平原农田防护林等三个类型森林生态网络体系的构建，遵循适地适树的原则，选择适宜树种、营养杯或带土托大苗，采用了保水抗旱造林技术措施，使得干旱阳坡造林成活率达到了 85～ 95%；绿色通道林造林成活率为 80 -1 0 0 %；农田防护林造林成活率为 90～99.8%。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。