半乳糖酶

To study and know well the rudimentary knowledge and the basic techniques of modern Microbiology are demanded for Graduate students. The experiments including the principle and operation of phase contrast microscope and fluorescence microscope; Microphotography , the technique of photographic enlargement;Applications of polymerase chain reaction ; Construction, transformation and detection of plasmid in E.coli ; Infectivity of virus and its molecular detection ; The technique of protoplast fusion in filamentary fungi ; Induction and purification of β-galactosidase from E.coli and assay the enzyme activity; Detection of GC content and DNA-DNA hybridization in bacteria ; Production , extraction and detection of poly--hyduoxy butyrate from bacteria.

以实验教学为主，要求研究生学习和掌握一些现代微生物学研究所需的基本技术，内容包括：相差显微镜、荧光显微镜的使用和显微摄影技术，PCR技术的应用，细菌质粒的构建、转化及检测技术，病毒的侵染性及其分子检测技术，丝状真菌原生质体融合技术，大肠杆菌β-半乳糖苷酶的分离及纯化及其动力学测定技术，细菌G+C mol%的测定及细菌DNA-DNA杂交技术和聚羟基丁酸产生菌的发酵、产物提取及检测技术等。

Then the changes of cell shape and ultrastructure were observed by microscope and transmission electron microscopy, and the percent of cells in the G1 phase and SA- ft -galactosidase activity were measured with flow cytometry and cytochemistry staining, respectively.

从光镜、透射电镜观察细胞形态及超微结构的变化；流式细胞术分析细胞周期，计算G1期细胞的比例；SA-β-半乳糖苷酶的细胞化学染色，确定成功建立体外细胞衰老的模型。

In contrast, the expression levels were low in diencephalon and brainstem in both newborn and adult mice.

我们首先检测了在脑发育过程中β-1，3-半乳糖基转移酶-1的表达变化。

It is obvious that bin2a is different from acid b-galactosidase reported in rat epididymis.

并且，bin2a与大鼠附睾中报道的酸性b-半乳糖苷酶显然不同。

The results indicate that, during the early storage period under short time treatment with heat air, the activities of amylase and polygalactouronase are effectively decreased; starch content reduction is inhibited; the degradation speed of pectin and the decrease speed of flesh hardness are slowed down, and the release rate of ethylene in fruit is decreased. During the later storage period, the decomposition rate of middle lamella and primary wall of the Li jujube fruit treated with heat air for a short time is delayed, exosmosis of cell contents is inhibited, and the cell structure is protected, so the storage time of Li jujube fruit is prolonged.

结果表明，梨枣采后贮前短时间热处理能有效地降低早期淀粉酶和多聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性，抑制淀粉水解，延缓果胶降解，降低乙烯释放量，延缓果肉硬度下降速度，后期能延缓果肉细胞中胶层和初生壁分解，阻止细胞内含物外渗，保护细胞的结构，从而延长了贮藏保鲜期。

Fertilized eggs which had been micro-injected with transgenic DNA fragments were implanted into the oviduct of 21 female mice.

经PCR检测7只小鼠有α半乳糖苷酶基因的整合，整合率为25％。

The cells were transfected with the eukaryotic expression vector αS1-LA-psv and the activity of β-galactosidase was detected after transfected from 24 h to 120 h. Human alpha lactalbumin was detected at 72 h after transfected too.

将构建的真核表达载体αS1-LA-psv 转染奶牛乳腺上皮细胞，培养24～120 h均检测到了β-半乳糖苷酶的表达；培养72 h检测到细胞中人α-乳白蛋白的表达，表达量约为

The production of human alpha lactalbumin was 0.64 g/L approximately. The results indicate that the bovine mammary epithelial cell line have the ability of expressing exogenous gene, the 5′ flanking sequence of bovine αS1 casein gene has the effect of regulating gene expression specifically and the vector αS1-LA-psv which was constructed can coexpress alpha lactalbumin and β-galactosidase.

实验结果表明，建立的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞系具有外源基因表达活性，得到的牛αS1-酪蛋白5′调控序列能作为启动子指导外源基因的表达，构建的真核表达载体能在体外培养的牛乳腺上皮细胞中同时表达人α-乳白蛋白和β-半乳糖苷酶。

Methods The viral particles of recombinant adeno-associated viral vector 2-IRES-EGFP/MnSOD(rAAV2-IRES-EGFP/MnSOD) were injected into the perilymph through the round window membrane on the 6th week.To observe the feasibility of MnSOD gene therapy for protecting the cochlear function with the methods of Westernblot, ApopTag peroxidase apoptosis detection, MnSOD activity detection and effect on hearing.

方法在半乳糖注射的第6周(注射氨基糖甙类抗生素之前2周)将rAAV2-IRES- EGFP/MnSOD病毒液经圆窗膜注入拟老化大鼠的耳蜗外淋巴，通过免疫组化(ApopTag过氧化物酶凋亡检测)、Westernblot及MnSOD活性检测的方法观察MnSOD基因在对抗内耳氧化应激损伤中的干预性保护作用。

The monosaccharide are made up of rhamnose, glucose, mannitose, galactose and xylose. It offers foundation for boosting biological activities by hydrolyzing saponins.

硅胶薄层层析证明刺嫩芽皂甙的单糖可能由鼠李糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖、半乳糖和木糖组成，这为酶水解提高刺嫩芽皂甙活性研究提供了依据。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷