半乳糖苷

The 3rdpassage chondrocytes were divided into blank group, different concentration PAP groups,different concentration glucosaminsalfate groups and were sequently passaged to 4thgeneration. The 2nd passage chondrocytes was contrasted as young cells group. Thechondrocytes of different groups were detected with the methods of histochemistry forS-A-β-gal, and with alcian blue test for the content and constructure of GAG of ECM,immuocytochemistry for typeⅡcollagen and PCNA, MTT assay for proliferation, RT-PCRfor typeⅡcollagen and Aggrecan, flow cytometry for cell life cycle and proliferationindex,by which to observe PAP"s function regarding to the appearance and functional status inthe process of chondrocyte"s cataplasia and senescence.

将P3软骨细胞分为空白对照组、鹿茸多肽不同浓度组、硫酸氨基葡萄糖不同浓度组进行传代培养，同时以P2代软骨细胞为对照组，进行组化检测老化相关β-半乳糖苷酶，阿力新蓝染色检测胞外基质硫酸GAG含量和结构，MTT比色检测增殖，免疫细胞化检测PCNA和Ⅱ型胶原，RT-PCR检测Ⅱ型胶原、Aggrecan蛋白，流式细胞仪分析细胞周期和增殖指数等方法，对鹿茸多肽抗软骨细胞退变老化进行分子生物学研究。4。

To study and know well the rudimentary knowledge and the basic techniques of modern Microbiology are demanded for Graduate students. The experiments including the principle and operation of phase contrast microscope and fluorescence microscope; Microphotography , the technique of photographic enlargement;Applications of polymerase chain reaction ; Construction, transformation and detection of plasmid in E.coli ; Infectivity of virus and its molecular detection ; The technique of protoplast fusion in filamentary fungi ; Induction and purification of β-galactosidase from E.coli and assay the enzyme activity; Detection of GC content and DNA-DNA hybridization in bacteria ; Production , extraction and detection of poly--hyduoxy butyrate from bacteria.

以实验教学为主，要求研究生学习和掌握一些现代微生物学研究所需的基本技术，内容包括：相差显微镜、荧光显微镜的使用和显微摄影技术，PCR技术的应用，细菌质粒的构建、转化及检测技术，病毒的侵染性及其分子检测技术，丝状真菌原生质体融合技术，大肠杆菌β-半乳糖苷酶的分离及纯化及其动力学测定技术，细菌G+C mol%的测定及细菌DNA-DNA杂交技术和聚羟基丁酸产生菌的发酵、产物提取及检测技术等。

Then the changes of cell shape and ultrastructure were observed by microscope and transmission electron microscopy, and the percent of cells in the G1 phase and SA- ft -galactosidase activity were measured with flow cytometry and cytochemistry staining, respectively.

从光镜、透射电镜观察细胞形态及超微结构的变化；流式细胞术分析细胞周期，计算G1期细胞的比例；SA-β-半乳糖苷酶的细胞化学染色，确定成功建立体外细胞衰老的模型。

It is obvious that bin2a is different from acid b-galactosidase reported in rat epididymis.

并且，bin2a与大鼠附睾中报道的酸性b-半乳糖苷酶显然不同。

Fertilized eggs which had been micro-injected with transgenic DNA fragments were implanted into the oviduct of 21 female mice.

经PCR检测7只小鼠有α半乳糖苷酶基因的整合，整合率为25％。

Aim To prepare resveratrol liposome and the liposomes modified by a galactoside as well as to investigate and compare their liver targeting effect.

目的 制备白藜芦醇脂质体和半乳糖苷修饰的白藜芦醇脂质体，探讨并比较二者的肝靶向作用。

Thawing frozen fruits converted their glucoside and galactoside containing fractions into carcinogenic substances.

解冻冷冻水果的葡萄糖转化和半乳糖苷组分含有致癌物质进入。

The cells were transfected with the eukaryotic expression vector αS1-LA-psv and the activity of β-galactosidase was detected after transfected from 24 h to 120 h. Human alpha lactalbumin was detected at 72 h after transfected too.

将构建的真核表达载体αS1-LA-psv 转染奶牛乳腺上皮细胞，培养24～120 h均检测到了β-半乳糖苷酶的表达；培养72 h检测到细胞中人α-乳白蛋白的表达，表达量约为

The production of human alpha lactalbumin was 0.64 g/L approximately. The results indicate that the bovine mammary epithelial cell line have the ability of expressing exogenous gene, the 5′ flanking sequence of bovine αS1 casein gene has the effect of regulating gene expression specifically and the vector αS1-LA-psv which was constructed can coexpress alpha lactalbumin and β-galactosidase.

实验结果表明，建立的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞系具有外源基因表达活性，得到的牛αS1-酪蛋白5′调控序列能作为启动子指导外源基因的表达，构建的真核表达载体能在体外培养的牛乳腺上皮细胞中同时表达人α-乳白蛋白和β-半乳糖苷酶。

Raffinose family oligosaccharides have been proposed to play roles in the acquisition of desiccation tolerance in seeds, seeds viablity, and cold acclimation in plant.

中起重要作用。本文从种子的脱水耐性获得、植物的冷驯化、细胞内定位及生物合成等方面综述了棉子糖半乳糖苷系列寡糖的研究进展。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。