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By introducing the nonlinear complementarity problem function, the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions of OPF model are transformed equivalently into a set of semismooth nonlinear algebraic equations. Then the set of semismooth equations can be solved by a semismooth L-M method based on the subdifferential. The method belongs to Newton-type method. It can ensure the positive defmitiveness of the iterative coefficient matrix by using the L-M parameter, which avoids the ill-conditioning of iterative equations. The method, requiring only the approximate solution of a linear system at each iteration, is quite applicable to the large-scale cases.

在利用非线性互补函数将OPF模型的KKT条件转化为半光滑非线性代数方程组后，采用基于次微分的半光滑L-M法求解，该方法属于牛顿法范畴，可通过对L-M参数的调整保证迭代系数矩阵的正定性，克服了系数矩阵的奇异引起的"病态"，且该方法在确定搜索方向时只需求解线性系统的加热器近似解，适用于大规模系统的求解。

Desertification is land degradation occurs in arid, semi-arid and subhumid regions, which is one of the he environmental problems human society generally concerned in the context of global change, has a direct relationship with the survival and development of their own humanity.

沙漠化即发生在干旱、半干旱及半湿润干旱地区的沙质荒漠化，是全球变化背景下，人类社会普遍关注的环境问题之一，与人类自身的生存和发展有着直接的关系。

The study area, served as a key part of the subhumid and semiarid areas of midtemperate zone in China, is characterized by the vulnerable eco-environment and most sensitive to global environmental change.

研究工作所涉及的范围是中国中温带半湿润—半干旱区的重要组成部分。

Modern approach methods of geography, ecology, quantitative analysis, expert integration, remote sensing image analysis and geographical information system were combined to reveal the matters in this paper. The eco-geographical background of the research area and the research work studied by other scholars were comprehensively expatiated. The temporal and spatial variation of precipitation and soil moisture, vegetation and soil distribution, and land use/land cover were compared as well. On the basis of foregoing analysis, the eco-geographical differentiation was discussed. According to principles and indicators, with extension engineering method and integrated analysis, the physical geography boundary between subhumid and semiarid areas were demarcated. By using remote sensing image analysis, wavelet analysis of the perennial precipitation and temperature, and the comparison of temporal and spatial variation of the desertification, this paper accounted for the regional response to global environmental change and suggested the dominant environmental problems.

本文采用了地理学与生态学相结合、定量分析与专家集成相结合、遥感图像解译和地理信息系统相结合的方法，对研究区的生态地理背景和已有研究工作进展情况给予了全面的分析和阐述；通过对区域水分条件（大气降水、土壤水分条件）、植被、土壤、土地利用／土地覆被状况等环境要素的时间与空间特征的对比分析，探讨了研究区内部生态地理特征的差异；在一定的原则指导下，通过建立指标体系，以可拓工程方法和模型为支撑，经过综合分析确定了研究区内半湿润、半干旱区界线划分方案；通过遥感图像解译、典型站点多年降水与温度的小波分析、土地沙漠化时空变化的对比分析等，说明了研究区域对全球变化的响应；表明了该区域所面临的主要环境问题。

From late mid-Pleistocence to Holecence, KunMing Basin has gone through follow process: cool and dry to warm and subhumid to warm and dry to moderate and dry to cool and wet to warm and subhumid to warm and dry.

从更新世中期后期至全新世本区气候经历了凉干—温暖半湿润—温暖偏干—温和偏干—温凉湿润—温暖半湿润—温暖偏干的逐渐过渡的过程。

The eco-physiological characteristics of drought endurance of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica were studied under different climatic regions, soil water and leaf water condition.Furthemore,the response and adaptability of trees to water stress was done.The below showed the results. 1 The parameters of drought endurance of P. sylvestris var. mongolica was measure and studied by PV technology in the subhumid, semiarid and arid regions The results indicated the osmotic potentials at water saturation condition and at the initial loss turgor decreased as the climatic drought degree increased,and related linearly with the climatic moisture index.It was proved that the drought endurance of P. sylvetris var. mongolica was varible and the elevation of the osmotic adjust capability was a main way to the adaptation of trees to the drought climatic environment.

本文研究了樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)的主要耐旱生理生态特征在不同地区、不同土壤水分状况和叶水分状况下的变化，进而研究了樟子松对水分胁迫的反应和适应，结果如下： 1 应用 PV 技术对半湿润区、半干旱区和干旱区樟子松耐旱性指标测定研究指出，水饱和总体渗透势和初始失膨点总体渗透势随着气候干旱程度增加而增加，与气候湿度指标呈直线相关，证明了樟子松属于耐旱性可变的树种，渗透调节能力增加是其对干旱气候适应的主要途径。

For MOS capacitors, the saturation current is mainly attributed to the electron-hole pair recombination mechanism. But for MOS capacitors, the saturation current is mainly attributed to the electron-hole pair generation mechanism, and is also controlled by interface trap densities, bulk traps, and suboxide.

对於N型矽基板上的氧半电容而言，其饱和电主要为电子电对在界面及空乏区的合机制，但是对於P型矽基板上的氧半电容而言，其饱和电受控於空乏区内电子电之产生与表面陷阱电荷，矽基板内缺陷，还有次氧化层。

By introducing the concepts of semiideal and regular semiideal with respect to a given subring, the general power rings and regular power rings are constructed and a number of examples of non-regular HX rings and non-regular power rings are cited.

通过引入了关于一个子环的半理想与正则半理想概念，构造出一般幂环与正则幂环，并具体给出了若干非正则HX环与非正则幂环的例子。

For example, on a lane of 3.7 meters in width, a car can carry 3,600 people at most in one hour; a bus in subsaturation can hold 60,000 people per hour that is 17 times of a car; whereas a half saturated train can transport 42,000 passengers per hour that is 12 times of a car.

譬如在3.7米宽的车道上，小汽车每小时最多能运载3600人；公共汽车在半饱和状态下，每小时可运载6万人，是小汽车的17倍；而半饱和的火车每小时可运载4.2万人，是小汽车的12倍。

In fact, it was proved by Pastijn that the idempotent semirings for whichis a congruence form a proper subvariety of the variety of all id empotent semirings. Also the defining equations were given with three free var iables of this variety.

Pastijin证明了：是S上的同余的幂等元半环S的全体构成了幂等元半环簇的一个子簇，进一步还给出了这个子簇的含有3个变量的簇等式组，当时不知道这个子簇是否有两个变量的簇等式组。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐