升温

The optimum conditions for preparing TiO_2 are as follows, pH value=1, n(C_2H_5OH)/n(TiBuO_4)=15, n(H_2O)/n(TiBuO_4)=3, calefactive speed 10℃/min, sinter temperature 450℃.

3制备高光催化活性的TiO_2的最佳工艺条件为：pH=1，n(C_2H_5OH)／n(TiBuO_4)=15，n(H_2O)／n(TiBuO_4)=3，升温速率10℃／min，烧结温度为450℃。

Through the experiment of macromolecules (such as starch, fat, protein, cellulose)degradation we can get 17 effective bacterium, 6 in the calefactive, 4 at the high-temperature, and 7in the depressed-temperature phase.

2通过大分子物质(淀粉、油脂、蛋白质、纤维素)降解试验，筛选出降解能力较强的细菌17株，其中升温阶段细菌6株，高温阶段细菌4株，降温阶段细菌7株。

The evaluation indexes, which sign the testing results, are put forward, the indices include the difference of calefactive ratio, the heat insulation ratio, effective thermal conductivity, compound thermal resistance and response time.

二、提出了本文所研制的测试装置测试结果的评价指标，具体指标为升温速率差、织物试样的隔热率、名义导热系数和复合热阻及温度动态响应时间。

This thesis adopts the method of Sol-Gel to develop ZnO and ZnMgO alloying film and introduces the influence of technology parameters such as calefactive velocity, film thickness, anneal temperature on the performances of the film such as crystalline quality and photoluminescence in a detailed way.

本论文采用溶胶一凝胶工艺制备ZnO及ZnMgO合金薄膜，详细研究了升温速率、薄膜厚度、退火温度等工艺参数对薄膜的结晶质量和发光性能的影响。

And the parameters of SPS in this paper are: the synthesized temperature=900~1000 ℃, calefactive time=15min, calefactive rate in first 5 minutes=100℃/min, keeping temperature time=30min, pressure=40MPa.

本试验条件下，制备Ti-HA生物复合材料的最佳工艺参数是：温度在900～1000℃，升温时间15min且开始5min保持每分钟100℃的速率，保温时间30min，烧结加压40MPa。

In Chapter Four, the surface fracture was studied for a functionally graded plate with a semi-elliptical surface crack under state thermal loading, and studied the influence of crack sizes, aspect ratios and material property on the stress intensity factors along a crack-front under two types thermal loading: calefactive state thermal loading and descent state thermal loading.

第四章研究了含有半椭圆表面裂纹的功能梯度材料板条在稳态温度热载荷作用下的裂纹问题分析，着重考虑了升温载荷及降温载荷作用下应力强度因子在裂纹前沿的分布及材料梯度及裂纹与板的几何尺寸对应力强度因子的影响。

The constitutive relations of austenitic and martensitic shape memory alloys associated with mechanics, electricity and calorifics (dissipation energy, sensing and actuation properties) are investigated systematically. And multifunctional constitutive models related with heating rate and loading frequency are established.

系统研究了奥氏体和马氏体形状记忆合金的力－电－热本构关系，建立了包含升温速度和加载频率的SMA多功能本构关系模型。

Preparation of the cathode includes:shaping under the press of 40Mpa, sintering at 550℃for 1 hour and at 900℃for 8 hours and threading with molybdenum bar; Considering the literatures we choose CaCl2 as salt for preparation titanium. Pretreatment of salt is for 1 hour at 100℃and for 2 hours at 300℃. Partial pressure of oxygen which need lower than 5.11×10-7Pa to reduct titanium oxides and hygroscopic property of salt need a sealed equipment to electrolyse. And finally successfully designed a satisfied one and the results show that the equipment can be satisfied the requirment of the experiment. Flow of the inert gas is 1.5L/min, the voltage is 2.8 V, temperature is 850℃and time is 2 hours during pre-electrolysis. Flow of the inert gas is 0.2L/min, the voltage is 3.1 V, temperature is 900℃and time changes with the mass of TiO2 during electrolysis, namely the greater need the longer time; To eliminate influence of salt and other impurities, the products need to wash with distilled water and dilute chlorhydric acid , then wash with dilute hydrochloric acid under supersonic wave assistant. Finally, electrometical properties of the electrolysis of TiO2 is researched by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry, and results show that there are two main reodox steps, namely from TiO2 to TiO and from TiO to Ti.

阴极制备主要包括40MPa压力下模压成型、两段式烧结(1小时内升至550℃保温1小时，再1小时升温至900℃保温8小时)及烧结后TiO2块打孔用钼棒串接三个主要环节；实验中选用CaCl2作为电解熔盐，并对其进行预处理(100℃，保温1小时； 300℃，保温2小时)；经热力学计算，还原钛氧化物的氧分压至少要低于5.11×10-7Pa，结合电解过程中所用熔盐CaCl2有极强的吸水性的特点，电解装置应有较高的密封性，自行设计了一套密封性可靠的电解装置，便于实验过程中熔盐预处理和氧分压的控制；通过干燥处理预电解过程中Ar流量大约为1.5L/min、电压为2.8 V、温度为850℃、时间为2小时，电解过程中Ar流量大约为0.2L/min、电压为3.1V、温度为900℃，实验结果表明电解时间与TiO2质量密切相关，质量越大需要电解的时间越长；通过自来水冲洗—稀盐酸浸泡、洗涤—在超声波辅助作用下稀盐酸洗涤，可减少熔盐及其它杂质对电解产物检测结果的影响；最后，通过循环伏安法、计时电流法对电解机理的研究，确定电解还原TiO2制备金属钛主要经历了TiO2-TiO-Ti的过程。

Methods CBP 20 capillary column was used and the temperature was increased with a program to separate and determine 7 kinds of benzenes series,namely,benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,p-xylenol,inter-xylenol,cinnamene and ortho-xylenol.

利用CBP-20毛细管色谱柱，采用程序升温实现苯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、苯乙烯、邻二甲苯等7种苯系物的分离测定。

Broodstock wintered at at 2~5℃ were fed Nitzschia closterium (30×10^4~50×10^4 cells/mL) supplemented with Chlorella sp. and egg yolk and had a mortality of 1.9%, 4.0% and 9.98% during maturation-inducing. However, the broodstock wintered at below 0℃ were fed the same food and had an increased mortality of 15.87%, 18.8%, 26.27% and 32.07% during maturation-inducing, indicating that there is influence of water temperature on survival of the broodstock during wintering period.

1当水温为2~5℃时，越冬的亲贝在促熟中是以新月菱形藻（30~50万个／mL）为主要饵料，辅以小球藻、蛋黄等，死亡率分别为1.9%，4.0%，9.98%；在0℃以下的越冬亲贝，在促熟中使用同样饵料，则死亡率提高为15.87%，18.0%，26.27%，32.07%，说明亲贝在海中越冬时，水温的高低直接影响亲贝在升温促熟饲育中的成活率。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷