十八碳烷

In addition nC〓, nC〓, two isomers of C〓 sterene and three isomers of C〓 isoprenoid hydrocarbons were also identified from aliphatic fraction of pyrolyzed product at 200℃. After pyrolyzed at 300℃, the main aliphatic hydrocarbons were normal alkanes ranged from C〓 to C〓, with C〓 as the main peak and C〓 as the second main peak. Meanwhile, pristane, phytane and C〓 sterane were also detected. In the pyrolysates at 400℃ and 500℃, the content of saturated hydrocarbons decreased, the range of normal alkanes distribution became narrow and the main peak was nC〓. Low concentration of C〓-C〓 steranes was detected and the content of C〓-C〓 increased more.

在200℃热模拟产物饱和烃馏分中除检测出两种长链烯烃外，还检测到正十九碳单烯烃、正三十五碳双烯烃、两个碳二十八甾烯的同分异构体和三个C〓类异戊二烯烷烃化合物同分异构体。300℃模拟产物饱和烃主要为正烷烃，正烷烃的碳数分布范围为C〓-C〓，以C〓为主峰、C〓为次主峰；另外，样品中还检出姥鲛烷、植烷和C〓甾烷等化合物。400和500℃热模拟产物中的饱和烃含量下降，正烷烃系列碳数分布范围变窄，主峰碳后移至C〓，检测到低浓度的C〓-C〓甾烷系列化合物，另外，C〓-C〓藿烷系列化合物含量进一步增加。

Chromatography peaks were obtained by GC-MS and 56 compounds were identified. The main components were linalyl butyrate (30.212%),(1α, 3α, 4β, 6α)-4,7,7-trimethyl-bicycloheptan-3-ol (10.940%),-4-carene (1.826%), 4-methylene-1-(1-methylethyl)-bicyclo [3.1.0] hexane (1.109%),β-myrcene (1.170%), limonene (5.784%), 3, 7-dimethyl-1, 6-octadien-3-ol (5.742%), n-hexadecanoic acid (0.914%) and-9, 12-octadecadienoic acid (2.952%), etc.

用GC-MS分离出69个峰，鉴定出56种物质，主要成分为：芳樟丁酸酯(30.212%)、(1α， 3α， 4β， 6α)-4，7，7-三甲基－双环[4.1.0]庚烷－3-醇(10.940%)、-4-蒈烯(1.826%)、4-亚甲基－1-（1-甲基乙基）－双环[3.1.0]环己烷(1.109%)、β-月桂烯(1.170%)、柠檬烯(5.784%)、3，7-二甲基－1，6-辛二烯－3-醇(5.742%)、n-棕榈酸(0.914%)、-9，12-十八碳烯酸(2.952%)等。

With intermediates 1,ω-hexadecanediol and ω-bromo pentadecanol as starting materials,ω-bromo hexadecanoic acid and ω-bromo octadecanoic acid were prepared in four and seven steps of reactions separately.

分别以1，ω-十五烷二酸和1，ω-十六烷二酸为原料，各经过四步有机反应，制备了ω-碘代十六烷酸及含十四、十五、十六碳原子的ω-溴代直链脂肪酸；再以中间产物15-溴代十五烷醇、1，ω-十六烷二醇为原料，各经过四步、七步有机反应，制备了ω-溴代十六烷酸及ω-溴代十八烷酸。

He fatty acid composition of grass carp was analyzed using GS-MS and more than 18 fatty acids were identified, including hexadecanoic acid, 9-hexadecenoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid, 6,9-octadecadienoic acid, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, octadecanoic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid, 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, and 5,8,11-heptadecatrienoic acid. There were some fatty acids with odd carbon atoms besides the fatty acids with even carbon atoms common in animals and plants.

P能改善蛋白质的乳化性和凝胶性。3、利用GC-MS对草鱼鱼肉中的脂肪酸进行分析，鉴定出草鱼中含有棕榈酸、十六碳烯酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、硬脂酸、花生四烯酸、DHA、EPA、十五烷酸、十七烷酸、十七碳三烯酸等十八种以上脂肪酸，除含有动植物中常见的偶数碳脂肪酸外，还含有一定量的奇数碳脂肪酸。

By means of molecular designing, a series of sodium branched-alkyl benzene sulfonates weresynthesized through seven process, involving Frieded-Crafts reaction, Grignard reaction, sulfonationand neutralization. Those isomers have similar structure, carbons of same quantity, but the position ofalkylaryl dissimilarity. Liner fat acid, metaxylene and halogenated hydrocarbon of different carbonnumber were used as the starting materials. Optimum processing condition was confirmed consideringinfluence of a series of reaction factors such as feed proportioning, quantity of catalysts, quantitysolvent, reaction time, temperature and pressure. Eight kinds of isomers of sodium hexadecylxylolsulfonates were finally synthesized, and characterized by FT-IR.

本文通过分子设计，以不同碳数直链脂肪酸、间二甲苯以及不同碳数的卤代烷为原料，经酰基化、格氏反应、加氢还原、磺化及中和等反应，合成了结构相似、烷烃链碳数一定、芳基在烷烃链不同位置的烷基芳基磺酸盐同分异构体；并考察了原料配比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度、溶剂用量、反应压力等一系列因素对各反应的影响，进而确定最佳工艺条件，最终合成出十六烷基二甲苯磺酸钠的八种同分异构体，利用 FT-IR 对产物结构进行了分析。

CNTs were first pre-treated using acid solution (HNO3) to obtain CNTs functionalized with carboxylic groups. Subsequently, the stearyl alcohol was grafted onto CNT with the assistance of dehydrating agent, N,N'-dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide. Excellent dispersion in organic solvents such as acetone, THF, and chloroform was found for the modified CNTs (CNT-C18). In addition, the PBS/CNTs nanocomposites were then prepared through simple melt-blending. Mechanical properties, thermal behavior, conductivity of resultant polymer/CNT composites were investigated. The results show that excellent dispersion of nanotubes in the PBS matrices was achieved.

为了增加多壁奈米碳管在复合材料中的分散性，将碳管表面进行化学修饰，首先将多壁奈米碳管浸入HNO3溶液中，进行酸化，使碳管表面带有羧酸的官能基，然后再加入十八烷醇，在温和的条件下，藉由N，N'-二环己基碳二亚胺(N，N'-dicyclohexyl- carbodiimide，DCC)脱水剂脱水，使碳管和十八烷醇之间产生酯基的化学键结，改质后的碳管可以分散在acetone、THF、chloroform…等有机溶剂中，结果显示成功的利用DCC脱水剂完成碳管的改质。

Results Eleven compounds were obtained and identified as sarcodonin A, scabronine B, 3β-hydroxy-5α, 8a-epidioxyergosta-6, 22-dien,(22E, 24R)-ergosta-7, 22-diene-3β, 5α, 6β-triol,(22E, 24R)-ergosta-7, 22-diene-3β-ol, benzoic acid, 4-hydroxylben-zaldehyde, 4-monopropanoylbenzenediol, ethy1-β-D-glucopyranoside, thioacetic anhydride,(2S, 2'R, 3S, 4R)-2-(2-hydroxyoctadecanoylamino) docosane-1, 3, 4-triol.

结果共分离鉴定了11个化合物，分别是：sarcodonin A、scabronine B、3β羟－5α，5α-过氧麦角甾－6，22-二烯－3β-醇、(22E，24R)-麦角甾－7，22-二烯－3β，5α，6β三醇、(22E，24R)-麦角甾－7，22-二烯－3β-醇、苯甲酸、对羟基苯甲醛、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、乙基－β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、硫代乙酸酐、（25，2'R，3S，4R）-2-（2-羟基－十八碳酰胺）二十二碳烷－l，3，4-三醇。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。