十二指肠内的

Results All cases could display an enhanced mass as local filling defect at the site of the duodenal Vater′s ampulla during arterial and portal phase scanning, the tumors ranged in size from 1 cm to 5 cm with mean of 2.3 cm, all were accompanied with dilated intrahepatic and common bile duct, enlarged gallbladder and dilated pancreatic duct, except one case which had marked atrophy of the pancreatic body and tail.

结果螺旋CT动脉和门脉期增强扫描，15例均清晰显示十二指肠乳头部局限性强化的充盈缺损块影，肿瘤瘤径为1～5 cm，平均2.3 cm。所有病例均可见肝内胆管扩张、胆囊增大、胆总管扩张和胰腺管的扩张，仅有1例伴胰体尾部的明显萎缩。

Results The incidence of gastroparesis was higher in patients with chronic outlet obstruction before the operation or malignancy, andpatients receiving Whipple procedure or non-gastrectomy gastrojejunostomy.

结果：本组中，术前长期流出道梗阻、恶性肿瘤、胰十二指肠切除术后、无胃切除的胃空肠吻合术的患者发病率较高，胃镜、上消化道造影是诊断本病有价值的方法，经保守治疗后胃肠动力一般可在术后5周内恢复正常。

Results The incidence of gastroparesis was higher in patients with chronic outlet obstruction before the operation or malignancy, andpatients receiving Whipple procedure or non-gastrectomy gastrojejunostomy. Gastroscopy and upper gastrointestinal series served as a valuable measurement in diagnosis. In general, GI motility could be restored after 5 weeks of conservative therapies.

结果：本组中，术前长期流出道梗阻、恶性肿瘤、胰十二指肠切除术后、无胃切除的胃空肠吻合术的患者发病率较高，胃镜、上消化道造影是诊断本病有价值的方法，经保守治疗后胃肠动力一般可在术后5周内恢复正常。

Five patterns of perineural invasion were observed and 3 nerve plexuses in the hepatoduodenal ligament and Glisson sheath were found.

肿瘤浸润神经有5种方式，肝十二指肠韧带与一、二级肝管所在的Glisson鞘内分布的神经丛主要有3丛。

Methods:Based on the clinical data of 159 cases of pancreatoduodenectomy performed in the recent one and half years, the pathogenesis of post-pancreatoduodenectomy diarrhea was analyzed and the effect of different treatments was observed.

以笔者近1年半内收治的159例胰十二指肠切除术患者为对象，分析术后腹泻发生的原因及不同的处理方法。

ERCP were performed on 52 patients with malignant biliary obstruction to investigate the locus and extent of the obstruction, and treated with radiofrequency to the stenosed segment, then placed the matched metal stents into the bihary duet.

方法共58例患者采用联合治疗：6例十二指肠乳头癌先作内镜下乳头局部切除，而后对残留病灶作射频消融；52例经ERCP测出肿瘤狭窄段的范围，对狭窄段作射频消融，然后置入相匹配的金属内支架。

Rat models were successfully established by twice operations. First, OJ was induced by common bile duct ligation and division. On the 7th day after the first operation, ED was performed by exteriorizing a drainage tube at the nape of the rat, while ID by implanting a drainage tube between the dilated end of CBD and duodenum.

采用成年雄性Sprague Dawley大鼠60只，随机分成梗阻性黄疸、胆汁内引流、胆汁外引流和假手术4组，每组15只，通过第一次开腹手术结扎并切断胆总管建立OJ模型，术后7天第二次手术，从膨大的胆管末端插入并固定引流管，经皮下固定于大鼠颈背部皮肤建立ED模型；ID模型通过在膨大的胆管末端和十二指肠间植入支架形成。

Result: Peppermint oil 120、60、30 mg/kg giving into duodenum could significantly increase the secretion volume of bile in rat, and slightly increase the concentration of cholic acid in bile. Peppermint oil 5, 0.5 and 0.05mg/L has no dissolving effect on cholesterol gallstone and bile pigment gallstone in 4～5 weeks.

结果：薄荷油120、60、30mg/kg十二指肠给药，对大鼠有明显的利胆作用，并能轻度增加胆汁中胆汁酸的排出量。5、0.5、0.05mg/L在4～5周内对胆固醇结石、胆色素结石无明显溶解作用。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。