十二指肠

Malformation of digestive tract may have esophageal atresia, duodenal atresia, intestinal malrotation, no anus, etc., in addition to vomiting and aspiration there are symptoms such as discharge, in the case of obstruction higher position, the frequent vomiting, obvious abdominal distention, or abdominal distension and emptiness; obstruction below the duodenum, with bile vomit; obstruction low position, vomiting occurred late in the vomit may have stool, abdominal distension significantly.

消化道畸形可有食道闭锁、十二指肠闭锁、肠旋转不良、无肛门等情况，除呕吐和无胎粪排出等共有症状外，如梗阻位置较高，则呕吐频繁，腹胀不明显，或上腹胀而下腹空虚；梗阻在十二指肠以下的，呕吐物含胆汁；梗阻位置低的，呕吐发生较晚，呕吐物中可有粪便，腹胀明显。

This paper studied the effect of pollen rations on duodenum configuration and structure of growing-finishing swines, including the effect on the length and figure of intestinal villi, the length of duodenum secretory, amount of plasma cell and aggregated lymphoid nodules in membrana propria.

研究了蜂花粉对生长肥育猪十二指肠形态及组织结构的影响，考察了不同比例的蜂花粉对十二指肠绒毛长度及形态、肠腺长度、固有膜中的浆细胞、集合淋巴小结的影响。

AIM: To prevent postoperative pancreatic leakage by applying modified Child pancreaticojejunostomy in pancraticoduodenectomy patients due to severe pancreaticoduodenal injury.

目的：采用改良Child胰肠吻合对胰肠吻合缝合技术进行改进，对严重的胰头、十二指肠损伤患者急诊行胰十二指肠切除术，预防胰漏发生。

Methods: After the model of transplanted pancreatic cancer was established in nude mice with orthotransplantation of human pancreatic cancer cell line into the pancreas, the ischemia of the right lobe of the pancreas was induced with ligation of the gastroduodenal, inferior pancreaticoduodenal and dorsal pancreatic arteries.

在建立人胰腺癌细胞株裸小鼠胰腺原位移植瘤模型的基础上，结扎荷瘤裸鼠胃十二指肠动脉、胰十二指肠下动脉及背胰动脉诱导胰腺右叶区域性缺血，观察缺血对裸小鼠胰腺移植癌群体增殖动力学及细胞周期动力学的影响。

Complete resection was achieved in all cases, including pancreatoduodenectomy in 13 cases, by pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy in 3 cases, and tumor enucleation in 7 cases.

行胰十二指肠切除术13例，其中4例合并右半结肠切除术，1例合并右肝转移灶切除，2例合并右肝脓肿引流术；行保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术3例；行肿瘤局部切除术7例。

Key words］pancreatic tumor;duodenal tumor;pancreatoduodenectomy;vascular reconstruction;vascular prosthesis

关键词］胰头肿瘤；十二指肠肿瘤；胰十二指肠切除术；人工血管；血管重建

Duodenal neoplasms ; Pancreatoduodenectomy ; Pathology ; clinical ; Prognosis

十二指肠肿瘤；胰十二指肠切除术；病理学；临床；预后

Medical School of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710061, ChinaABSTRACT: Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic sphincterotomy in treating common bile duct stone or strictive papillitis, and then analyze possible related risk factors for longterm complications after EST.

目的 探讨内窥镜下十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(endoscopic sphincterotomy， EST)对胆总管结石、十二指肠乳头狭窄等疾病的治疗效果，并对术后出现的远期并发症的可能危险因素进行分析。

Results:In this group there were respectively 8 calculi of intrahepatic duct,9 calculi of extrahepatic duct,4 stenosis of bile duct,3 duodenal papillitis,2 excess residual cystic duct and 2 stubble cholecystitis,which were managed surgically.There were respectively 1 duodenal diverticulum,10 bile back flow gastritis,5 functional dyspepsia,1 chronic pancreatitis and 1 ulcer,which were cured via expectant treatment.

结果：本组肝内胆管结石8例，肝外胆管结石9例，胆管狭窄4例，十二指肠乳头炎3例，胆囊管残留过长2例，残株胆囊炎2例，分别采用外科手术治疗；十二指肠憩室1例，胆汁返流性胃炎10例，功能性消化不良5例，慢性胰腺炎1例，溃疡病1例，采用内科保守治疗好转。

A = foramen of Winslow hernia, B = left paraduodenal hernia, C = right paraduodenal hernia, D = transmesenteric hernia, E = pericecal hernia, F = transomental hernia, G = intersigmoid hernia.

图1 示意图显示上腹腔和下腹腔腹内疝的部位和方向。A，Winslow孔疝；B，左侧十二指肠旁疝；C，右侧十二指肠旁疝；D，肠系膜疝；E，盲肠旁疝；F，网膜疝；G，乙状结肠疝。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。