医疗机构

However, during the practice of carrying the new rural cooperative medical service system, first we must solve these issues, such as: the ambiguousness of the attribute, the fuzziness of target location, the high cost and much difficulty of propaganda, the weak sense of peasants' heath care and shared risk, the weak administrative capacity of medical institutions, the worrying of doctor-patient moral standards, the lag of legislation, the low service level of designated medical institutions, the lack of operability in fund raises system and the weak responsibility consciousness of the government.

尽管我们在理论上能够阐明实施新型农村合作医疗制度的意义、试点的目标和要求、资金筹集和监管机制、医疗管理能力建设要求、完善农村卫生服务体系目标，但是在实施新型农村合作医疗制度的实践中，我们却必须要首先解决诸如属性不明确、目标定位模糊、宣传推动成本高、难度大、农民健康保健及风险共担意识淡薄、医疗机构行政管理能力较弱、对医患双方道德水准的担忧、立法工作滞后、定点医疗机构服务水平较低、筹资机制缺乏可操作性、政府责任意识不强等因素的制约。

The enhanced patient awareness of self-protection, change of legal environment in which health care institutions exist, maladaptation of health facilities and professionals to changing social roles, and poor social acknowledgement to health work as a special industry are of the social etiology of increasing medical disputes particularly in recent years.

人们自我保护意识的增强、医疗机构所处的法律环境的重大变化、医疗机构和医务人员对社会角色的转变适应不良、社会对医疗工作的特殊性缺乏应有的认同等，是近年来导致医疗纠纷发生增多的社会学原因。

As we know, the insymmetry of medical information, the great ethical background and the indefinition of medical expenses, have greatly increase the supervising difficulty of medical insurance. It has been proved that we cannot control the growth of medical expenses simply by the enhancement of the supervision measures of insurance institutions. It is not the optimum choice. Through the analysis to behavior of the insurance institutions, medical agencies and the insurants, this paper has drawn a conclude that the fundamental reason of moral risk is the "third-party payment" social medical insurance system.

为了减少因道德风险而高涨的医疗费用，最安全的措施莫过于同时对医疗机构和被保险人进行监管，由于医疗信息的不对称，医疗消费浓重的伦理性色彩以及医疗消费的不确定性，增加了医保机构监管的难度，实践证明控制道德风险引发的医疗费用上涨，加大保险机构工作人员监管力度，往往不能达到预期的效果，显然不是一个最优的策略选择。

If the technology and equipment of the medical institution in the city cannot satisfy the needs of treating the member, the customer service specialist will activate the domestic transfer mechanism and arrange an ambulance or other vehicle as may be necessary under the circumstance to transfer the member from the place of first visit to the nearest suitable medical institution under the escort of a physician or nurse, with ANFA bearing the expenses incurred by the transfer (including the expenses of transport from the scene to the place of first visit).

安法会员在中国境内，因为意外伤害或突发疾病时，可协助会员安排特约医疗机构；若该城市内医疗机构的技术、设备无法满足会员治疗之条件，客服专员即启动境内转送机制，安排救护车或其他交通工具，由医师或护士陪同，转送会员从初诊地至邻近适宜的医疗机构，并承担上述转送费用以及从出事地到初诊地的运送费用，医疗转送必须由《安法24小时医疗服务中心》的医师及会员的主治医师共同认定方可启动。

It can improve social efficiency by accelerating cooperation.with the development of china's medical reform,nongovernmental non profit medical inseitution must be the third sector between national nonprofit and ptivate profit institutions and acts significant funcfion The social welfare station of nonprofit institution woald gain the public support and help,furthermore obtain donation of philanthropy,companies ...

随着我国医疗改革的深入，由民间资本创立，旨在提供社会公共卫生服务的非营利性医疗机构将作为国有非营利性与民营营利性医疗机构的有效补充在医疗市场发挥作用。树立民营非营利性医疗机构的良好社会公众形象并获得群众大力支持和帮助，赢得慈善机构捐资、争取企业或个人赞助等均是非营利性医疗机构创造并利用社会资本，赢得生存和发展空间的关键。

After analyzing the collected data, we conduced a six-month-lasting intervention scheme focusing health education about hospital infection and antiseptic among medical staff of primary medical establishment using lectures and declaration, adding in some administerial intervention.

干预持续6个月，最后以医务人员的消毒卫生知识和医疗机构采样检测结果对干预效果进行评价结果(来源：A86BC71论a7文网www.abclunwen.com)：1、三级基层医疗机构从业人员整体文化水平偏低，医院感染和消毒卫生知识掌握不足，消毒和无菌意识淡薄，总分为100分的调查问卷平均得分仅为33.62分；消毒器械及设备非常缺乏，消毒剂配备率低，配备结构不合理；一次性医疗用品普及率达不到100%，很少有单位进行用后处理；采样检测结果显示，各级医疗机构物品表面消毒效果总体合格率为64.59%，医务人员手为63.13%，空气为62.34%，普通消毒剂为91.47%，器械浸泡液仅为70.45%来源：1cd0ABC论文网www.abclunwen.com

Regarding guiding 100 small-scale clinics, including more than three deparments clinics and dialysis clinics, the clinics were more improve their medical waste management. The common illegalized conditions and the inspection points about medical waste were proposed for EPB. Additionally, the property, treatment, recycling and reuse technology, market, and channel of the non-hazardous glass medical waste were investigated. There are four facotories of recycling and reuse waste glass willing to recycle medical waste, but they are only interested in non-infectious and properly classified glass drips and glass medicine bottles. They are Spring Pool Glass Industrial Company Limited, Team Joy Enterprise Company Limited, Jun-Xing-Ji Company Limited, and Hwa Hsia Glass Company Limited.

本计画实地访查100家小型诊所，包括洗肾诊所与设有三个诊疗科别以上之诊所，并汇整辅导访查现场与后续追踪改善情形，以使诊所落实医疗废弃物管理，另提列医疗院所常见废弃物违规样态与稽查重点，提供环保机关督导医疗机构落实废弃物管理之参考；本计画亦针对非有害之玻璃医疗废弃物之特性及处理、再利用技术及再生市场、以及再利用管道进行资料调查整理，经汇整共有4家废玻璃再利用机构表示对医疗废弃物有回收的意愿，且只对无感染性且已妥善分类的点滴瓶、药瓶有回收意愿，分别为春池玻璃实业有限公司、天九兴业股份有限公司、俊行记实业股份有限公司及华夏玻璃股份有限公司。

Leaders and decision-making persons use it to collect the data, including the information of unit work, handing in fee, oweing fee, prepaying fee,changing and afterpaying and account transfering of joining-insurance employee, and account paying of all kinds of insurances from hospitalization insurance institutions.The collected data is picked up, organized, switched and showed to user.

该子系统主要面向各级领导、决策分析人员；从各个医疗保险经办机构和定点医疗机构采集数据，包括在各个医疗保险经办机构处理的单位办公信息，单位缴费、欠费、预缴费信息，参保职工变更信息，参保职工增减变动信息，参保职工补缴信息，参保职工帐户划拨信息：包括各定点医疗机构处理的各险种帐户支出信息，各险种的统筹金支付信息等；将采集的数据提取，组织和转换，然后展示给用户。

Abstract］ objective to understand the medical institutions in the use of pressure steam sterilizer in the effect and the influencing factor,explore regulatory measures.methods with the spot investigation and scene examination,3mtmattest pressure steam sterilization and biological indicator train was used to monitor the effectiveness of disinfection.results in the monitoring of the 238 chinese medical institutions equipped with pressure steam sterilizer 337 units,the sterilization rate was 95.2%,medical institutions had different levels of disinfection and sterilization equipment,a large gap was between the level of management,equipment failure,non-standard operation,operator training without sterilization were the main reasons for failure.conclusion in medical establishment with the pressure steam sterilizer,antiseptic qualified rate is not too high,strengthening the pressure steam sterilizer purchase card management,standardizing the operation,stepping up supervision are the key to increase pressure steam sterilizer sterilization effect.

目的 了解医疗机构使用中压力蒸汽灭菌器使用效果及影响因素，探讨监管措施。方法采取现场调查及现场检测相结合的方法，采用3mtmattest压力蒸汽灭菌生物培养指示剂进行消毒效果监测。结果在监测的238家医疗机构中共有压力蒸汽灭菌器337台，灭菌合格率为95.2%，各级医疗机构对消毒灭菌设备的管理程度差距较大。设备发生故障、操作不规范、操作人员未经培训等是造成灭菌不合格的主要原因。结论医疗机构使用中压力蒸汽灭菌器灭菌合格率不高，加强对压力蒸汽灭菌器进货索证管理，规范操作，加大监管力度是提高压力蒸汽灭菌器灭菌效果的关键。

Designated specialized medical institutions and traditional Chinese medical institutions shall be the designated medical institutions for all employee and retired people participating in the insurance.

定点专科医疗机构和定点中医医疗机构为全体参保职工和退休人员共同的定点医疗机构。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。