医疗保险

In the past few years, medication problem has been a social-focused problem for that material medical takes major part of medication expensive and the phenomena of big prescription, backhander of drugs become more and more popular.

近年来，由于药品在医疗费用中所占比例过高，大处方、回扣药等不合理现象普遍存在，使药品问题已成为社会关注的热点问题，所以目前对医保(参加城镇职工基本医疗保险的职工，以下同)与非医保(未参加城镇职工基本医疗保险的公费和自费患者，以下同)患者住院药品的评价研究显得尤为重要。

Objective To analyze the effect of coinsurance mechanism in social health insurance on health expenditure and on the health of Chinese urbanites,and to provide suggestions to social health insurance policy makers.

目的 探讨社会医疗保险共付制度对医疗费用的影响和对患者健康状况的影响，为城镇居民基本医疗保险提供政策性建议。

In China, in virtue of the costliness of health care expenses and the lowness of average consumer income, parts of consumers are unable to purchase enough health care to meet their true health care demand. Health insurance would improve this situation.

由于存在部分较低收入消费者，在社会医疗保险支付部分医疗服务费用后，低收入消费者的医疗服务需要得到了释放，其无保险时被严重压制的基本医疗需求得到了满足，这部分过渡利用医疗服务造成的医疗花费大大增加了低收入者的效用，也是对整体社会福利的增进。

And the richful reforming experience for Medical Care Insurance System of Japanese could also be used as some source of reference for the reforms of China Medical Care Insurance System.

本文以日本全民医疗保险制度为研究对象，通过对该制度的主要内容、特征、面临的问题及改革措施进行探讨，并对中国医疗保险制度的相关问题进行了调查和分析，提出了一些相关的建议，希望对中国医疗保险制度的改革有一定的借鉴作用。

The company also provide supplemental benefits: commercial medical insurance, personal insurance, serious illness insurance, commercial medical insurance for spousechild, family property insurance, abroad travel insurance, annual physical inspection, lunch, shuttle bus, annual vacation, sick leave with salary, education imbursement , etc.

公司同时为员工提供补充福利：商业医疗保险、人身意外险、重大疾病保险，家属商业医疗保险，家庭财产保险，境外旅行保险，每年身体体检，午餐，班车，年假，带薪病假，教育资助等。

The company also provide supplemental benefits: commercial med ical insurance, personal insurance, serious illness insurance, commercial medi cal insurance for spouse and child, family property insurance, abroad travel i nsurance, annual physical inspection, lunch, shuttle bus, annual vacation, sic k leave with salary, education imbursement , etc.

公司同时为员工提供补充福利：商业医疗保险、人身意外险、重大疾病保险，家属商业医疗保险，家庭财产保险，境外旅行保险，每年身体体检，午餐，班车，年假，带薪病假，教育资助等。

On the basis of the national underdeveloped economic situation and the enormous disparity in the medical consumption levels among the regions, this compound method of the settlement is put forward to solve the prominent problems such as the unreasonable consumption in medical constitutions at each level, unguaranteed basic Medicare of the insured and overgrowth of the medical consumption. The application of the model will provide the new vision and novel insight for the reformation of the Medicare regulations in our country.

笔者基于我国经济不够发达以及地区间医疗消费水平差异较大的客观状况，提出了这种复合式结算模式，以图通过复合式医疗保险结算模式的运行，解决各级医疗机构消费不合理、参保者基本医疗得不到保障、医疗消费过度增长等一系列日显突出的矛盾和问题，为有关研究和我国医疗保险制度改革提供参考。

About 72% of the approximately 25,000 people with new individual policies have purchased them through Commonwealth Choice, an unsubsidized offering of private health plans approved by the Commonwealth Health Insurance Connector Authority, which administers many aspects of the reforms.

大约2.5万人中72%的人购买新的个人保险，他们都是通过联邦选择方案获得的保险。这个选择方案是由联邦医疗保险协调当局批准的提供没有津贴的私人健康保险方案。联邦医疗保险协调当局对这些改革的很多方面进行管理。

Leaders and decision-making persons use it to collect the data, including the information of unit work, handing in fee, oweing fee, prepaying fee,changing and afterpaying and account transfering of joining-insurance employee, and account paying of all kinds of insurances from hospitalization insurance institutions.The collected data is picked up, organized, switched and showed to user.

该子系统主要面向各级领导、决策分析人员；从各个医疗保险经办机构和定点医疗机构采集数据，包括在各个医疗保险经办机构处理的单位办公信息，单位缴费、欠费、预缴费信息，参保职工变更信息，参保职工增减变动信息，参保职工补缴信息，参保职工帐户划拨信息：包括各定点医疗机构处理的各险种帐户支出信息，各险种的统筹金支付信息等；将采集的数据提取，组织和转换，然后展示给用户。

Analyzing the existing problems of medical insurance in China with both fair and efficiency took into account,a risk management model is developed for the three sides: social security departments,community's medical-care institutions and insurants.

深入剖析了我国医疗保险现存的问题，在公平与效率兼顾的基础上，借鉴美国管理式医疗的风险管理方法，提出了适合我国国情的全民社会医疗保险模式的构想，即以政府委托社会保障部门作为管理式医疗组织者，通过买入社区医疗服务网络这个买方期权，对冲其对投保人承担的卖出买方期权的风险，建立社会保障部门、社区医疗服务机构和投保人三方三位一体的风险管理模式。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。