医学的

As an important bridging course between basic and clinical medicine ,pathology occupies an important position in medical science.

病理学是基础医学过渡到临床医学的重要桥梁课程，在医学科学中占有重要地位。

The aim of cosmetic is to bring aesthetic feeling to oneself/self-image, it defines the relationship between cosmetic medicine, psychiatry and psychotherapy.

美容的目的是为了引发自我心中的美感，该目的决定了美容医学与美学和心理学的关系：心理学不仅是美容医学的重要基础学科，而且精神医学和心理治疗是美容医学实践的必要手段。

The traditional medical science in Vietnam is strongly supported by the government and is worthy of a visit.

传统医学在越南值得去参观，越南政策将传统医学列为越南卫生保健事业的主要部分，受到政府大力支持，并与世界卫生组织合作，积极推动传统医学的发展。

Folk medicine flourished long before the development of scientific medicine and was more successful in ancient times than doctor medicine.

民间医学在科学医学的发展之前兴盛了一段长时间，在古老时期的发展比医生医学更成功。

"This is a frontier of medicine...to be able to generate tiny pulses of electricity in these deep nuclei (nucleus 的复数:细胞核) of the brain, and to see what effect they may have on behavior, including in this case the behavior of eating and the issue of uncontrolled appetite ," he said.

他说：「这是医学的新领域，在脑部深处的中心，释放轻微的电流，看看会对病患的行为造成什麼样的效果；例如在这个病例中是否影响饮食行为，或是在其他病例上，能否改善无法控制食欲的问题等。

Nowadays new branches of sciences such as medical information, medical images, and medical engineering are developing boomingly.

事实上，物理与化学是一体的两面，都是最基本的基础科学，而将工程或物理的原理应用在生物医学的研究上，目前可见如医学资讯、医学影像、医学工程等学门正热络的发展。

Acupuncture-moxibustion medicine and rehabi litation medicine have same spectrum of diseases in indications, and opportunity of treatment also is same; the both medicines have very strong complementarity in treatment methods and scientific theories.

针灸医学与康复医学在适应症上有相同的疾病谱，治疗的切入时机也相同；两者在治疗方法和学科理论上有极强的互补性，针灸医学有许多行之有效的治疗方法，康复医学的康复评定、运动疗法等颇具特色。

In the Xizhou dynasty to Xihan dynasty ,the physician's position was inferior than that of witch physician though they already had high social position. From the mid of Xihan dynasty to Tang dynasty, the physician's position is markedly went down and caused the negative influence to the development of medicine as Confucianism became the orthodox ideology of the feudal society. From Song dynasty to Yuan dynasty ,the dynasts paid high attention to medicine ,so the physician's social position was greatly upgraded ,which promoted the development of medicine . The position of physician in the Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty were unprecedentedly debased. It became a very negative factor to the development of medicine.

经过本课题研究认为：医生的职责在夏至西周时期是由巫医兼任的，巫医在当时有着极其显要的社会地位，并在一定程度上对医学的发展作出了相应的贡献；东周至西汉前期，随着医巫的分离，医生的社会地位较巫医有所下降，但仍有相当的地位，并且活动相对自由；西汉中期以后至唐五代，随着儒家思想成为封建社会的正统思想，这一时期医生地位明显下降，对医学的发展产生了消极的影响；宋金元统治者重视医学，医生社会地位大为提高，推动了此期医学的发展；明清时期医生社会地位空前下降，是这一时期医学发展的一个消极因素。

In the Xizhou dynasty to Xihan dynasty ,the physician"s position was inferior than that of witch physician though they already had high social position. From the mid of Xihan dynasty to Tang dynasty, the physician"s position is markedly went down and caused the negative influence to the development of medicine as Confucianism became the orthodox ideology of the feudal society. From Song dynasty to Yuan dynasty ,the dynasts paid high attention to medicine ,so the physicians social position was greatly upgraded ,which promoted the development of medicine . The position of physician in the Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty were unprecedentedly debased.

经过本课题研究认为：医生的职责在夏至西周时期是由巫医兼任的，巫医在当时有着极其显要的社会地位，并在一定程度上对医学的发展作出了相应的贡献；东周至西汉前期，随着医巫的分离，医生的社会地位较巫医有所下降，但仍有相当的地位，并且活动相对自由；西汉中期以后至唐五代，随着儒家思想成为封建社会的正统思想，这一时期医生地位明显下降，对医学的发展产生了消极的影响：宋金元统治者重视医学，医生社会地位大为提高，推动了此期医学的发展；明清时期医生社会地位空前下降，是这一时期医学发展的一个消极因素。

She expresses her literary gist to reveal, criticizes and remoulds the shortcomings of human nature by literarily exploring the functional relationship between doctors and patients, and that of disease and therapy, which are the most basic ones in the complicated medical system.

毕淑敏以作家和医生的双重视角关注写作对象，从生理、心理、伦理、道德多层面全方位地透视人生；她锁定医学题材，以文学化的&医学&的内容及其叙事表现独树一帜；她以从容淡定的口吻冷静地阐释&生&与&死&的主题和宏大的人文关怀，并以日臻成熟的创作跨越了单一的社会学视角，上升到对生存价值的追问和生命意义的思考上，使作品获得了哲学意义和审美意义上的超越；她借医生与患者以及疾病与治疗这两类复杂的医学体系中最基本的功能关系的文学化的开掘，寄托和表达揭示人性弱点，批判和改造的文学主旨；她给医学裹上了文学的外衣，以医学的&冷&和文学的&热&来打造人物的性格，把沉重的医学话题和艰深、晦涩的医学术语以文学的笔法写得轻松、幽默、好看。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷