区划的

The aims of disaster study and risk study are tent to unanimousness, both will offer the theoretical basis for sustainable development models. Regional safety construction based on disaster study is converting into regional risk management system based on risk study. So the authors consider that sustainable development model is the regional development model under a certain risk level, and the risk level relies on the regional safety construction level that integrates the regional economic level and social cultural system. Strengthening subject construction of disaster and risk study in China, national laboratory construction, and organization and practice of key items are imperative. And we should put the study emphasis on the vulnerability assessment system and models, risk assessment system and models, disaster and risk management mode of typical region, disaster and risk emergency control scenario, disaster and risk regions.

灾害与风险研究的目标正在趋向一致，都集中在为可持续发展模式提供科学依据；基于灾害研究的区域安全建设正在向基于风险研究的区域风险管理体系转变，由此认为可持续发展模式就是接受一定风险水平条件下的区域发展模式，一定风险水平依赖于由区域经济水平与社会文化体系相关联的区域安全建设水平；加强我国灾害与风险科学研究的学科建设、国家实验室建设、重大项目的组织与实施已势在必行；重点开展灾害脆弱性评价体系与评价模型、风险评价体系与风险评价模型、典型区域灾害与风险管理范式、灾害与风险应急控制预案、灾害与风险区划等方面的研究。

This project was conducted starting with the three interrelated subjects the structural characteristics of desertification landscapes in different bioclimatic zones, desertification driving factors and their function mechanism, and the dynamic model of landscape space for the occurrence and development of desertification in representative desertification regions and on the basis of in-depth studies of the relations between landscape structural characteristics and processes of desertification and their stability; the driving force of different time-space scales of desertification and their proportion, manifestation form, and action mechanism in the desertification processes; and the establishment of threshold conditions for the surface wind erosion and has achieved important progress in the definition of desertification conception

本课题从三个相互联系的专题（即不同生物气候区荒漠化景观的结构特征、荒漠化驱动因素及其作用机理、典型荒漠化地区荒漠化发生与发展的景观空间动力学模型）入手，在深入研究荒漠化景观结构特征与过程的关系及其稳定性，不同时空尺度的荒漠化过程驱动力及其在荒漠化过程中所占比重、表现形式及作用机制，地表风蚀临界条件的确定等内容的基础上，虽未建立荒漠化景观空间动力学模型，但在沙漠化概念，末次间冰期以来沙漠化过程时间序列和特征冷暖时期沙漠、沙地空间分布格局，现代沙漠化过程中自然因素和人文因素的作用、贡献率、沙漠化土地对气候的反馈作用以及风蚀临界值，沙粒跃移轨迹参数和能量分布，我国沙漠化防治思路和对策，沙尘暴区划和沙尘暴指数等方面取得了重要进展。

Those four classification models work well in first class of Chinese Vegetaion Division. The KAPPA value of Holdridge Life Zone System,at high value of 0.57,would probably more effective than the others. But in specific area,like tibetan plateau,all of those models need to be refined or consider more elements and factors. This research also points out that the concept and technology of Digitall Earth would promote and push forward the climate-vegetation relationship research,especially in climate-vegetation factors,climatically parameters and modeling parameters,real time dynamic monitoring,effectively managing the magnitude data of climate-vegetation relationship information and supporting the mainframe of Functional Types Modeling Library.

这四个传统的分类方法在中国植被区划一级分类上是适用的，Holdridge生命地带系统KAPPA一致性指数达到0.57模拟效果优于其它三者，但在特定地区，如青藏高原，所有模型均需改进优化或启用新的模型因子才能很好地区分植被亚地带，本研究还指出，数字地球技术的应用有助于推动气候—植被关系的研究，尤其在气候—植被指标的大范围实的动态监测、气候—植被关系数据的海量信息高效、有序基础管理和功能模型库支撑框架体系方面。

With least landscape separation and less patch dendity, Pinus massoniana patch was fargoing distribution and good continuity, resulted habitat type and aspect monotony.(3)In the analysis of visual sensitivity, using 10° and 20° as the boundary to classify the slope sensitivity, the high sensitive region which slope above 20° share 11.4% of the total area of the reserve, mainly located in the middle and upside of the mountain; using

3在视觉敏感度分析中，以10°和20°为界划分坡度敏感度级别，坡度大于20°的高敏感区域占保护区总面积的11.4％，主要分布在山体的中上坡；以沿道路两侧100m、200m和300m的距离为标准划分距离敏感度等级，将保护区划分为近景带，中景带，远景带和少见带，近景带可视情况良好，中景带和远景带中，道路沿山体一侧的观景距离内有小面积的区域因地形的阻挡而影响观景视线，主要是在大小长山、马鞍山、太渔山、马驿峰、鼎冠峰、宝盖峰等山体较陡峭的地方；视域几率敏感度分析中，保护区内高可见区和中可见区占保护区总面积的87.9％，表明保护区可视面积很大。

Among these three methods, principal component analysis is not necessary; a large amount of severe problems (such as the determination of the number of clusters) encountered in the delineation of hydrologically homogeneous regions arise in conventional clustering methods and the employ of discrimination analysis is not intuitional.

在这三种统计技术中，主成分分析并非划分水文均一区必要的步骤；大部份关於水文均一区的划分的问题则存在於传统的群集分析方法中；而识别分析在水文均一区划分中的用法则并不直觉。

Based on China's current condition of earthquake insurance and...

本文立足于中国地震保险现状，对国外有代表性的地震保险制度进行了比较性研究，指出了我国地震保险存在的问题，分析了建立我国地震保险制度的可行性，提出了建立我国地震保险制度的设想，即我国实行政策性保险和商业性保险相结合的方式；建立地震保险专项基金；设立独立的地震保险险种；地震保险采取强制保险的形式；做好地震保险区划；费率实行低保费、宽保面的费率政策，实行差别费率；建立有效的风险分散机制；建立有限责任地震保险赔偿制度。

Timber is the most friendly rebirth-able resource to the global environment,there are vast wastages of forest products,and most of them have to depend on our national yield. On the other hand,the area of usable forest and the volume of standing timber in one unit area are descending sharply in our country,which aggravates the labor intensify impersonally.

木材是对环境最友好的可再生资源，我国是一个林木产品消耗量巨人的国家，所需的人部分木材不得不依赖于我国自身的生产；但另一方面，我国用材林面积和单位面积上森林蓄积量都在锐减，这就在客观上增加了伐区区划和主伐调查设计的劳动量和劳动强度。

Check with the zoning commission to see what other communities are planned, what road systems will be built to handle increased traffic, new schools, hospitals, etc. It's important to make sure the community has the infrastructure to support the development.

检查与区划委员会，看看其他社区的规划，什么样的道路系统将建成以应付增加的交通量，新的学校，医院，等，它的重要，以确保社会的基础设施，以支持发展。

Check with the zoning commission to see what other communities are planned, what road systems will be built to handle increased traffic, new schools, hospitals, etc. It's important to make sure the community has the infrastructure to support the development.

检查与区划委员会，看看有什么其他的社区规划，什么样的道路系统将建成，以应付日益增加的交通，新的学校，医院，等，它的重要的是要确保社会基础设施，以支持发展。

Reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) and new wetness index were both calculated and analyzed according to Penman-Monteith scheme recommended by FAO with routine meteorological data from 616 weather stations in China from 1975 to 2004. In terms of grades of wetness index from Chinese Climate Classification Criterion, China is classified into severe arid, arid, semi-arid, semi-humid and humid zones, respectively, which are compared with the demarcations from rainfall-based indices in order to reveal the similarity and difference in association with the two schemes under current global climate warming. Besides, the spatio-temporal analysis of climate wetness over the country in the past thirty years was performed.

依据中国616个地面气象台站1975年至2004年的日气象资料，利用联合国粮农组织推荐的参考蒸散计算方法，计算参考作物蒸散（ET0）和湿润指数，按照中国气候区划中的干湿指标把中国分为极干旱、干旱、半干旱、半湿润和湿润气候区，并与传统的降水量干湿指标进行对比，揭示在全球气候变化下两种干湿指标的异同，最后对中国近30 a干湿状况进行时空分析。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。