北冰洋

Many widely known brands such as Energy28, Panda Landry Powder, Yangzi, Xiang Xue Mei Refrigeratory, Tianfu Cola, Shanghai Auto, The White Cat Abstersion Product, the Artic Ocean Carbonic Aicid Drink etc.

许多耳熟能详的品牌如活力28、熊猫洗衣粉、扬子、香雪海冰箱、天府可乐、上海汽车、白猫洗涤用品、北冰洋碳酸型饮料等，早被外企"雪藏"多年。

Vacillating in shallow Arctic waters, this new species of kelp was discovered near Alaska's Aleutian Islands.

阿拉斯加阿留申群岛附近，这种刚刚发现的新大型褐藻在浅浅的北冰洋海水中摇摆。

The four great Siberian rivers are the Ob (3300 miles, with the Irtysh as main tributary), the Yenisey (2550 miles, with the Angara as its main tributary), the Lena (2720 miles) and the Amur (Heilongjiang, 2740 miles) whch is the boundary river between Russia and China.

西伯利亚地区的河流都向北流入北冰洋，主要有鄂毕河（3650英里）、叶尼塞河（3487英里）、勒拿河（4400英里）和俄罗斯与中国的界河阿穆尔河（黑龙江，4350英里）。

I think that this sentence means Asia,America,Africa,Europe and Parcific,to the four sea,in my idea,these stands for the Parcific Ocean,the Atlantic Ocean,the Indian Ocean and the Antarctic Ocean.

其实这是中国古代的说法，古代传说天下有四海，南海，北海，东海，西海，由于这个词是古代的词，所以就应该是这四个海，而不是现代意义上的太平洋，大西洋，印度洋，北冰洋。

During about twenty years till now, the plentiful and substantial achievement of the research on polar microbiology was obtained by Chinese scientists. The areas surveyed included the locations of great wall station and Zhongshan station, and their surrounding country and air, water, the waters of the southern ocean, Antarctic region, Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea etc, the Arctic Ocean, the living and nonliving materials and Qinghai-Tibet plateau.

中国自行组建的极地微生物学调研起始于上世纪80年代初，迄今20余年来，中国极地微生物学研究取得了丰硕的成果，调查范围涉及南北极，包括南极长城站、中山站及其附近区域土壤、空气、水体和南大洋水域，及从中取得的生命和非生命材料、白令海和楚科奇海、波弗特海、加拿大海盆等北冰洋海区，及青藏高原等等。

Parrot owner Buddhist nun of shell trumpet rub captain pieces of personality gloomily, knowledge erudite people, during short less than 10 months, they travel round Pacific Ocean , the Indian Ocean , the Atlantic Ocean , Red Sea , Mediterranean , Antarctic sea , Arctic Ocean , ship about 10,000 kilometers Cheng together.

鹦鹉螺号的主人尼摩船长是个性格阴郁、知识渊博的人，在短短的不到10个月的时间里，他们一道周游了太平洋、印度洋、大西洋、红海、地中海、南极海、北冰洋、船程约两万里。

Correspondingly, a mean decrease of 1.0m in sea ice thickness from 1970s to 1990s. The simulated general circulation in Canada Basin is strong anticyclonic ocean surface current, and there is a Transpolar Drift Stream.

北冰洋和北大西洋海冰的漂移速度和方向的特征主要有：在加拿大海盆区常年存在着明显的反气旋式的海冰环流型，并且有明显的穿极漂流，漂移的速度一般在2-5cm/s。

The CFC data from the Arctic Ocean indicated that the CFC in surface water is in undersaturation, The degrees of saturation of CFC-11 in the surface water lies in the range of 70.54% to 84.70%, and that of CCl4 within 76.54% to 91.53%, CFC-113 within 61.68% to 97.98%, probably caused by local ice cover, runoff and the invasion of the Pacific water with low CFC concentration.

根据对北冰洋、白令海及南海南部表层海水中CFC的测定结果分析表明：北冰洋海区表层水中的CFC皆处于不饱和状态，CFC-11的饱和度在66.1%～97.83%之间，CCl4的饱和度在65.40%～92.93%，CFC-113的饱和度在61.68～97.98%之间，这主要是由于海冰长期覆盖及低CFC的径流输入或太平洋水入侵导致的。

The distribution of Pb and 〓 in snow along two major trajecteries of ice stream (Trans-polar Drift Stream and Beaufort Gyre) indicates that the tracks of pollution airmasses invading Central Arctic Ocean are mainly from Eurasia and Northwest America.

大尺度海冰流上覆积雪中记录了洋流途经海域的大气环境信息，是监测现代大气环境的有效介质。北冰洋不同海冰流上覆积雪内nss Cl〓、nss SO〓、Pb及其稳定同位素比率等的分布，显示两大海冰流积雪化学具有明显差异，并据此判断影响北冰洋中心地带冬春季大气环境的中低纬污染气团主要源于欧亚大陆和北美洲西部。

Based on the data analysis and numerical simulation, the Arctic sea ice climate variability was researched, the result were as following:(1) The analysis on the seasonal cycle of the Arctic Ocean and atmosphere showed that: The seasonal surface wind is somewhat trade wind like in some regions in the Arctic. The surface air temperature is robustly determined from the underlying environments such as sea ice and Greenland glaciers. In the sea ice region the precipitation rate is larger than that of evaporation. Furthermore, the Arctic Ocean hydrology is profoundly influenced by the surrounding rivers discharge. These are the decisive factors on the ocean salinity pattern. Sea ice flux through the Fram Strait is larger in winter than in summer. From the 40s in the 20th century on, the ice volume flux has an increasing trend. The Arctic rivers flood season is about the melt period, the winter rivers discharge has a significant increasing. Correlation analysis shows that 7 to 10 years is a characteristic time scale that rivers discharge leads Fram Strait ice volume export.(2) Considering 9 major arctic rivers, the Arctic Ocean circulation was simulated through BOM. The result shows that: The BOM can reproduce the main Arctic Ocean circulation pattern. The"Islandization"which is commonly used in OGCMs to treat the North Pole, not only influences the ocean current near the pole, but also influences the current in the Northern Atlantic Ocean, thus the bogus island might influence global climate through thermohaline circulation in the Atlantic Ocean.

在资料分析和数值模拟的基础上，对北极海冰的气候变率进行了深入的研究，结果如下：(1)对北极地区大气和海洋季节循环特征的分析表明，气候平均风场在部分地区具有&信风&的性质；而气温场与海冰分布及格陵兰半岛冰原的下垫面特征有密切关系；在北极海冰区的降水量大于蒸发量，并且在全球大洋中北冰洋受到河流径流的影响最大，对北冰洋的盐度分布有决定作用；通过弗瑞姆海峡的海冰通量在冬半年大于夏半年，并且从20世纪40年代起，海冰的体积输送有增加趋势；北极河流的汛期主要在融化季节，冬季的河流流量有显著增加的趋势；相关分析表明7到10年是北极河流流量影响弗瑞姆海峡海冰体积输送的一个特征时间尺度；(2)采用BOM海洋模式对北冰洋海洋环流进行了模拟研究，在模式中考虑了北极9条主要河流的作用，结果表明该海洋模式可以较好模拟出北冰洋海洋环流的基本特征；多数大洋环流模式采用&北极岛化&的方法处理北极点，模拟结果表明&北极岛化&不仅影响到极点附近的海流，还会对相对较远的北大西洋海流造成影响，并可能通过大西洋的热盐环流对全球气候产生影响；(3)采用CSIM4海冰模式对北极海冰的气候态进行了模拟。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。