北

This paper therefore examines the development of "the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city" through literature review depth-interview oral history and participant observation The concept frame is culture organism as the vertical axle and elements of a folklore activity as the transverse axle There are several significant findings about the general picture of this subject: During the late period of Japanese colonial era Tainan local people who played Peguan music learned Peking opera aria and tried to bring Peking opera aria into the folklore Pai-Chang which was one kind performance and traditional custom of Peguan music Some people who came from other places and played Peking opera aria had also known or learned "Pai-Chang" with touching Tainan local amateurs "Pai-Chang" used to be performed by amateurs for worship of god or goddess or for seasoning and wedding celebration without rewards Amateurs volunteered to perform "Pai-Chang" only for their duty temples and fraternity of Peking opera aria The majority of the audience is people who perform or like "Pai-Chang" or who live nearby There is a fixed pattern of the performance including the repertoire and the arrangement of the band The main meaning of this performace is to pray God's blessings therefore the procedure of "Ban-Hsian" is the most essential and ahead of Peking opera aria singing With time goes by the number of the amateurs has dropped; yet the demand for the worship ceremony remains; hence some of the amateurs have been trained to become professional performers Besides although the idea and the meaning of "Pai-Chang" remains the pattern of the performance has become simplified and rigid which is because of the performers' number decreasing and market adapting Nowadays the whole ecosystem of the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city keep changing which is mainly influenced by the transition of the society(such as the time and space of the industrial and commercial society being compressed and most people's pursuing of specialization and utilitarianism etc ) According to the findings in this paper the phenomenon can be regarded as the subject matter both of Peking opera and folklore studies For the studies of the Taiwanese culture however the subject not only enriches the subject matters of the Taiwanese culture(signifies the localization of Peking opera and a new pattern of Taiwanese folklore) but also reflects the characters of diversification integration adaptation and compromise of Taiwanese culture which used to be influenced by different regimes and the historical contexts Facing such a multicultural context this paper thus suggests researchers should show an open-minded attitude toward the complex of the Taiwanese culture studies and then important phenomenon would not be ignored or misunderstood

代表了什麼意义？对於上述疑惑，查既有研究成果，不消没有论述者，具体提即「京调排场」现象的可说没有，基於此，有必要对台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场，不管是语汇来由或者其现象本身，做一番研究。本研究透过文献、访谈、口述史、参与观察等方法，以文化有机体之纵的发展概念为经，以民俗表演之横切面各主客要素为纬，试图先对此文化现象调查并推论出一概貌：台南市民俗性京调排场的形成，是在京调传入台南，台南本地北管子弟改习或兼习京调后，结合北管音乐文化所固有的排场表演型态及民俗演出传统，融合而成，形成时间至迟在日治晚期。而一些不同时期的外来京调人士(如原本生长於其他地区、后移住台湾的票友，和中国大陆琴师等等)，也曾透过与当地子弟的接触，而习得或知晓「排场」语汇以及本地京调排场习俗者。此项音乐民俗表演在过往多由业余子弟於神诞或民众婚俗做寿时，对其有义务或交陪的庙宇及子弟间做酬酢性的演出，不收报酬；聆赏者多是京调同好与邻近民众，也有少数路过者；演出模式包括节目安排、乐队编制皆有一定；表演意涵上以「扮仙」祈求神明赐福人间最为重要，因此排仙必不可少，且一定先於京调演唱。随著时间推移，京调排场表演活动的各要素都有变动，惟变迁速度不一，大体而言，业余表演者锐减，人们对酬神娱神节目的需求仍在，因此一些过往的业余表演者遂逐渐转型为职业表演者。此外，虽然表演意涵不变，但在职业表演人员少、又要适应市场的情况下，表演模式亦逐渐流於简化、僵化。目前京调排场整体生态仍在转变的过程中，而这种变化应与工商社会时间空间的被压缩、事事追求专业化与尼Q化等因素有关。再者，据此概貌，在结论部分厘清其意义、定位以及其对台湾文化研究之启示。台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场现象，可视为京剧研究与民俗研究的一环，然而对於台湾文化研究，除了其题材本身标志了京剧的本土化与台湾民俗活动之新类型，进一步扩充整体台湾文化研究的内容外，更重要的是现象背后所反映的台湾文化的多元融合与妥协适应取向。台湾的海岛地理位置与长期被不同文化背景政权所殖民的历史，其文化自然容易随社会环境改变而弹性适应变迁，呈现多元纷呈、多重覆叠的特色，因此展望未来，从事台湾文化研究应秉除单一观点，保持一定程度之开放与客观胸襟，方不忽视或误识更多重要的文化现象。

The results reveal that:a Pentadactyl vapor transportation in East-Asia change with the appearing , strengthening , weakening , and disappearing of the South China Sea monsoon, the Indian monsoon, subtropical high etc..b Southerly vapor transportation of each longitude areas in East-Asia have different characters in appearance time , speed to north , the place of north bound , speed to south , etc..

主要得出以下结论：(1)东亚地区各候各区域水汽输送的变化，伴随着南海季风、印度季风、副高等天气事件或系统的发生、加强、减弱和消失。(2)各个经度带的偏南风水汽输送在出现时间、北抬进程速度、北界位置、南撤速度等方面均体现了不同的特征；西太平洋副高边缘的东南风水汽输送具有迂回西扩和快速东撤的特点，并且在强盛期能够影响到我国西北地区。

The subtropical ridge is retreating gradually and OMAIS will continue to recurve along the western periphery of the ridge.

副热带高压脊正减弱；奥麦斯将沿该脊的西面转向北至东北偏北移动。

To 1987, towns and villages in northern Hebei Province Institute of Cultural Relics, Stream magnetic Village, North Village and the wild things Yan Kawamura discovered the seven, with a total area of 2,000 square meters and found the remains of a kiln 20, workshop 4, in which includes grinding groove, wells, Cheng Chi, feed cylinder, brick plaster venues, sagger, fences and so on.

1985～1987年，河北省文物研究所在北镇村、涧磁村、野北村和东西燕川村发掘了七处，总面积2000平方米，发现的遗迹有窑炉20座，作坊4处，其中包含有碾槽、水井、澄池、料缸、砖墁场地、匣钵、围墙等。

The species of Sarcophagidae in Shanxi province make up 36.3% of Sarcophagidae known in China,also 3.9% of those in the world.

山西省麻蝇科种数占全国已知种数的36.3%，约占世界麻蝇科种数的3.9%，其中古北界种连同古北界共同种占98.0%。

The results show that during the landfalling ing and northward going process of Matsa, the cold air in its northwest side first rotated along the typhoon circulation from the north to the south, and then intruded northward form the south into warm center of Matsa gradually, and at the same time in the vertical direction there were cold airs systematically/slantly descending from the middle-upper troposphere and intruding into the typhoon circumfluence at the low level, which at last resulted in the extratropical transition of Mstsa.

结果表明：&麦莎&登陆北上过程中，西北侧冷空气先随着&麦莎&环流由北向南旋转，尔后冷空气又从台风低压中心的偏南侧向北侵入，逐步侵入&麦莎&暖心结构；在垂直方向上，对流层中高层不断有系统性的冷空气倾斜向下补充，冷空气从对流层低层侵入台风环流，最终使&麦莎&变性。

Instead, he met with North Korea's First Vice Foreign Minister Kang Sok Ju, the man regarded as the mastermind of the North's nuclear diplomacy.

但他会见了北韩第一副外相姜锡柱。姜锡柱被视为是北韩核外交的主要人物。

The Paleoproterozoic Beidahe Group-complex remains as continental shivers in the interior of the North Qilian orogen. In its early stage of development, there occurred abundant amphibolite. The protolith of the amphibolite is basalts. The Alk-∑FeO-MgO plot, REE features and Rittmann index show that the protolith belongs to the calc-alkaline suite and exceptionally shows the subalkaline character. The rock is characterized by higher Al2O3 and ∑FeO and lower Mg#, indicating that it has a higher degree of compositional evolution and that the formation of volcanic rocks is related to activation of older crust. Highly fractionated REE patterns and amphibolite on the Ti-Zr-Y plot, Ni-FeO/MgO plot and Ta/Yb-Th/Yb plot all indicate the characteristics of volcanic arcs and active continental margins. On the geochemical diagram of basalt, the overall REE features are in the main analogous to those of calc-alkaline island-arc basalt, with Sr87/Sr86=0.71617–0.72033,Nd143/Nd144=0.512414–0.512495 and εNd=–2.79 to –4.37,εSr=245.78–305.3, showing that the magma was derived from the crust or subjected to contamination with the lower crust below the continent.

提要：以大陆碎块形式残存于北祁连造山带内部的古元古代北大河岩群早期发育有大量的斜长角闪岩，其原岩为玄武岩，Alk—∑FeO—MgO图解，REE特征，里特曼组合指数等均显示斜长角闪岩属钙碱性系列范围，个别显示弱碱性，斜长角闪岩具有较高的Al2O3，∑FeO和低的Mg#，这些特点反映其成分演化程度较高，表明火山岩的形成与古老地壳的活化有关，有较强分异的稀土元素分配模式，在Ti—Zr—Y图，Ni—FeO/MgO图解和Ta/Yb—Th/Yb图解上斜长角闪岩均显示火山弧或活动大陆边缘的特点，在玄武岩的地球化学形式图，稀土元素整体特征与钙碱性岛弧玄武岩基本相同；87Sr/86Sr=0.716 17～0.720 33， 143Nd/144Nd=0.512 414～0.512 495，εNd=-2.79～-4.37。

In Chang 3 Period, the study area mainly developed the sedimentary system of the meandering river delta, which can be divided into the delta plain subfacies and the delta frontal subfacies.

研究表明镇北-演武地区长3油层组沉积物源主要来自于盆地西南缘秦岭造山带和东祁连逆冲褶皱带，物源方向由西南到北东。

We have taked sedimentary facies research on the second member of Shanxi formation of Changbei gas field, this area pertained to marine facies braid river delta sedimentary system, we have gived a detailed discriiption on different subfacies, microfacies, sandbody's sedimentary character and distribution for the braid river delta sedimentary system.

对长北气田山2段开展了精细沉积相研究，确定该地区山2段属于海相辫状河三角洲沉积体系，并对该三角洲沉积体系的各亚相、微相和砂体展布特征与演化规律进行了详细研究，建立了自北向南延伸的辫状河三角洲沉积模式。2。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。