化石学

According to the principle of strontium isotope stratigraphy, we attempt to determine the age of the boundaries for Campanian/Santonian and Maastrichtian/Campanian by 87Sr/86Sr ratios for Gamba section in southern Tibet.

在与国际上同期海相地层锶同位素演化曲线对比的基础上，研究了晚白垩世海相碳酸盐锶同位素组成与主要地质事件的关系；在将本研究锶同位素数据融入到全球中新代海水锶同位素曲线的基础上，综合作出了中新生代海平面变化和锶同位素对照曲线，讨论了全球风化速率，造山事件，气候，海平面变化以及灾变性事件对中新生代海水锶同位素的控制作用；根据锶同位素地层学原理，本研究尝试将碳酸盐锶同位素组成用于海相地层定年上，利用已有的全球海水87Sr/86Sr值-年龄数据库和测试的藏南晚白垩海相碳酸盐的87Sr/86Sr值，确定了岗巴剖面Campanian/Santonian和Maastrichtian/Campanian阶界线，标定了广泛分布于白垩纪的厚壳蛤化石的年龄；本研究还将这些方法推广到了塔里木盆地井下奥陶纪地层的年龄标定，确定了中/上，中/下奥陶统界线，从锶同位素角度获得了古岩溶作用证据，显示锶同位素地层学在解决海相地层对比，年龄确定及在岩溶型油气储层研究中的潜在价值和良好应用前景。

The Lower/Upper Cretaceous boundary in Songliao Basin is,therefore,between the Quantou and Denglouku formations,instead of between the Quantou and Qingshankou formations.2.The dark mudstones and shales in the Member 1 of Qingshankou Formation are of high organic carbon and low diasteranes contents.Organic geochemical characters are illustrated by biomarkers of 28,30-bisnorhopane and gammacerane,and positive excursion of kerogen isotopes.It is suggested that the dark mudstones and shales in the Member 1 of Qingshankou Formation are the products of lake anoxic period.It corresponds to the oceanic anoxic event at Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in Cretaceous.3.Based on the study of biostratigraphy,chronostratigraphy,magnetostratigraphy and event stratigraphy,a correlation of the lacustrine sequence to marine standard has been proposed,i.e.,the Quantou Formation corresponds to Cenomanian stage,Qingshankou Formation correlates to Later Cenomanian-Early Turonian,Yaojia Formation to Later Turonian-Coniacian,Nenjiang Formation to Santonian-Campanian.Sifangtai and Minshui Formations to Maastrichtian. 4.Analysis of lithology,lithofacies and microfossils of Cretaceous in Songliao Basin, shows that shore and shallow lake facies yield the most abundant microfossil groups,and the predelta and deltaic distributary plain facies rich in fossils as well.In the shore and shallow lake areas during the high level periods(such as Qingshankou and Nenjiang sedimentary periods),the lacustrine biota are of high diversity and high abundance.

因此，松辽盆地上、下白垩统的界线应在泉头组的底界，即泉头组与登娄库组之间，而不是泉头组的顶界。2、青山口组一段黑色泥岩、页岩具有有机碳含量高、重排甾烷含量低，生物标志物出现28，30—双降藿烷和伽马蜡烷，干酷根碳同位素具有正向偏移等有机地球化学特征，表征为青山口组一段黑色页岩、油页岩是古湖泊缺氧事件的产物，它对应于白垩纪古海洋Cenomanian—Turonian期界线附近缺氧事件，二者具同步性。3、通过生物地层学、年代地层学、磁性地层学和事件地层学研究，认为泉头阶大体相当于Cenomanian阶，青山口阶相当于晚Cenomanian—早Turonian阶，姚家阶对应于晚Turonian—Coniacian阶，嫩江阶对应于Santonian—Campanian阶，四方台阶和明水阶相当于Maastrichtian阶。4、通过对松辽盆地上白垩统的岩性、岩相及微体化石分析，认为滨浅湖相是微体生物群最为发育的相带，其次为三角洲前缘相和三角洲分流平原相。

Paleo links; Invertebrate fossils; Ammonites; Jellyfish; Nautiloid fossils; Trace fossils; Dinosaurs; Mosasaurs; Stratigraphy

古生物学网站链接；无脊椎动物化石；菊石；水母；鹦鹉螺目软体动物化石；跟踪化石；恐龙；沧龙；地层学

The coring was successfully operated on the winter ice-cover of the lake in 2000 and the pioneer practice of the ""off-the-ice"" coring proves to be very useful and economic for taking quality cores from lakes in northern China.A multidisciplinary investigation has been carried out on core HQH4, one of the three 11-m-long cores. Results from previous investigation include lithostratigraphy, radiocarbon dating, paleoecology of Ostracoda, stable isotopic record of ostracod shells, total nitrogen and organic carbon, C/N ratio, 81 C of organic matter etc.

在对深度为11米的HQH4岩芯开展了~(14)C年代学、岩性地层学、介形类古生态及介壳稳定同位素、有机碳和总氮及C/N比值、有机碳同位素等多学科综合分析测试和研究工作的基础上，本硕士学位论文研究侧重开展了：1HQH4岩芯烧失量(Loss-on-ignition)的系统分析测定及该地层学变量的古湖泊和环境变化意义的研究；2沉水植物川蔓藻化石种子生态学特征及其在黄旗海湖泊水位重建和气候变化研究方面的重要意义的研究。

Taphonomy ; fish fossil ; paleolimnology ; paleoecology

埋藏学；鱼化石；古湖泊学；古生态学

It has been caused much attention by many geologists at home and abroad. Based on the rich dinosaur resources in Henan Province, the author has obtained some important results through the scientific study and protection research of dinosaurs and,these results can help to discover more and more complete dinosaurs and other vertebrate fossils, to promote and raises the research level on the systematic paleontology and dinosaurs in Henan Province, and thus provides important scientific data on stratigraphy, paleogeography and paleoenvironment of Mesozoic basins, which can accelerate to build protection system at all levels and geological parks, all these can bring about a great advance in environment protection, tourism economy, agriculture, industrial production and social civilization.

以河南丰富的恐龙化石资源为依托，通过对恐龙化石的调查、发掘，科学特征和保护研究，不仅可获得一批重要的科研成果，促使发现更多更完整的恐龙化石和其它脊椎动物化石，促进和提升河南省恐龙研究水平，为中新生代盆地地层学和古地理、古环境研究提供重要的科学素材，而且可促进地质遗迹保护和地质公园建设，带动生态环境保护、旅游经济等方面的发展，达到促进地区经济效益增长和社会进步之目的。

Research of this area was focused on the relation of sedimentary basin stratigraphy and fossil egg succession in the sediments. Studies on pterosaur embryo contained in fossil egg; the first attempt to get DNA from fossil eggs by using molecular biology method are examples of this progress.

这期间的研究更注重于解决盆地地层与蛋化石演化序列间的联系；开展了翼龙化石胚胎学研究；通过分子古生物学分析，尝试了获取古代DNA的方法；河南西峡恐龙蛋化石博物馆的建立，成为展示这一阶段进展的突出标志。

Detailed biostratigraphic study reveals that the sequence could contain 3 Ostracoda assemblages, 3 Lamellibranchiata and Gastropoda assemblages and 8 sporopollen assemblages, whose ages are discussed on the basis of radioactive dating.

通过详细的生物地层学研究，共划分出 3个介形虫化石组合带、3个瓣鳃类及腹足类化石组合带和 8个孢粉组合带，结合各组同位素年龄数据，对其形成时代进行了探讨。

The specific laboratories affiliated to the state key laboratory are well equipped to support researches in palaeobotany, structural botany, cytology, protein analysis, structural genomics, and functional genomics, etc.

专业实验室有大化石实验室、结构植物学实验室、细胞学实验室、蛋白质组学实验室、结构基因组学实验室、功能基因组学实验室、实验温室和相片制作室等。

The molecular taphonomicdata and palaeoenvironmental information of the fossil flora are derived from theinvestigations on the four species by application of related taphonomic, anatomic,physiologic and organic geochemic techniques.

运用埋藏学、植物解剖学、植物生理学和有机地球化学等学科交叉研究的方法对这四种化石进行了分析，获得了浙东化石植物的分子埋藏学数据和古环境信息。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。